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PHAR 100 - Module 1 Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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PHAR 100 - Module 1 Exam Questions And 100%Correct Answers
Drugs - ANSWER any substance received by a biological system that is not for
nutritional purposes
Pharmacology - ANSWER science of drugs including their uses, effects, and modes of
action
Influence of poison: Curare - ANSWER Used as poison: indigenous people of the amazon
used to dip their bows in it because it caused paralysis and death
Used as a drug: used by anesthesiologists to relax a muscle during surgery
influence of poison: ergot - ANSWER Poison: poison fungus that grows in bread and
killed a bunch of people in the medieval times
medication: used to prevent migraines because it constricts blood flow
Drugs acting on the brain: Reserpine and Chlorpromazine - ANSWER discovery: the
extracts of a rauwolfia plant were used by Indian medicine to reduce anxiety and blood
pressure
Therapeutic uses: chlorpromazine is preferred to be used for mental patients that
reserpine because its easier to dose it correctly. Converts anxious tense people into
calm people
Drugs acting on the brain: Lysergic and diethylamide (LSD) - ANSWER discovery: a
Swiss pharmaceutical was trying to make products from ergot
Contribution to pharmacology: The discovery of the psychedelic effects of LSD
supported his belief that some forms of mental illness were disorders caused by
chemicals in the brain.
, Drugs acting on the brain: Anesthetics - ANSWER Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas): a
chemist was giving demonstrations in the 1840s, and this one man was on the gas and
gashed his leg but felt no pain. a dentist in the crowd started using it for patients
Ether: similar properties to laughing gas
1. drug discovery - ANSWER - identify a target (receptor)
- once a compound is found that binds well to the receptor, its effects are tested on the
molecular, cellular, and animal level
- if it looks promising, it'll head into the pre-clinical trial
2. Pre-clinical studies - ANSWER - IS IT SAFE AND EFFECTIVE?
- this testing takes place before any testing on humans
-Toxicology studies and Pharmacological studies
Toxicology studies - ANSWER - a pre-clinical study
- checks whether the drug has any adverse effects on other organs
-all drugs are toxic at some level
-expensive and can take up to 6 years
Pharmacological studies - QUESTION - a pre-clinical study
- determines the detailed mechanisms of the new drug
3. Clinical trial: Initial Steps - QUESTION to test on humans, the following is require:
- show proof that it was safe from testing on animals
- the method of the proposed clinical trial is required
- your drug will need to be tested by other scientists
4. Phase 1 Clinical Trial - ANSWER -are carried out on healthy people
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