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NUR 254 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) ARDS 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INCLUDED
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NUR 254 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) ARDS 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS INCLUDED
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NUR 254 ARDS 11. Type 1 Acute Respiratory Failure
Answer
Hypoxemic
2. Type 2 Acute Respiratory Failure
Answer
Hypercapnic
3. Hypoxemic respiratory failure (T1) is characterized by...
Answer
PaO2 <60 mmHg despite increased inspired O2 with a normal or low PaCO2.
4. Hypercapnic respiratory failure (T2) is characterized by...
Answer
respiratory acidosis, PaCO2 > 50 mmHg, and pH <7.35... hypoxemia may or may not be
present
5. Risk Factors for acute resp. failure
Answer
- Impaired Ventilation (Hypoventilation)
- Ventilation Perfusion Mismatch
- Impaired Diffusion (Alveolar)
6. RF for acute resp. failure
Answer
Impaired ventilation (hypoventilation) causes
- Airway obstruction
,-Resp muscle weakness/paralysis, sometimes caused by myasthenia gravis
- Chest-wall injury
-Anesthesia
- opioid administration
7. RF for acute resp. failure
Answer
Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch causes
- COPD
- Restrictive lung disease (sarcoidosis, pulmonary fibrosis)
- Atelectasis Pulmonary embolus
- Pneumothorax
8. RF for acute resp. failure
Answer
Impaired Diffusion (Alveolar) causes
- Pulmonary edema
- ARDS
9. Diagnostics done for Acute Resp. Failure
Answer
- ABGs (hypoxemic - initially alkolotic... hypercapnic - acidotic w/or w/out hypoxemia)
- H/H
-C X-ray
- Sputum Cx
10. Treatment for Acute Resp. Failure
Answer
Not a disease... must treat CAUSE
, 11. What is ARDS?
Answer
A severe form of acute resp. failure
- non-cardiac pulmonary edema with refractory hypoxemia (despite hi flow O2)
12. ARDS is defined by the following characteristics
Answer
- Acute onset of <7 days
- Refractory hypoxemia
- Bilateral infiltrates R/O cardiac pulmonary edema as cause
13. Causes of ARDS (Direct & Indirect) ... most common?
Answer
Common
Sepsis Direct
- Pneumonia
-Severe trauma
- aspiration
- Inhalation injury
- Pulmonary contusion
- PE
Indirect
-Sepsis, shock
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