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NR 283 Final Exam /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GET IT 100% ACCURATE$22.99
NR 283 Final Exam /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GET IT 100% ACCURATE
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NR 283 Final Exam /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GET IT 100% ACCURATE
10/20/24, 8:06 PM NR 283 Final Exam 2024-2025 /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TEST…
NR 283 Final Exam 2024-2025 /NR 283
complete questions with complete
solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/
GET IT 100% ACCURATE
Terms in this set (139)
What regulates the feedback systems
release of hormones?
Positive Feedback tells a hormone to make more
Negative Feedback stops making a hormone
what is pumped out of the cells (ADH released from
Secreting Cells
the posterior pituitary gland)
what cells the hormones target (ADH targets the
Receiving Cells
kidney)
-altered cell environment (increases intake of
glucose leads to a release of insulin)
Why are hormones are
-maintaining levels of other hormones (cascades
released?
trigger the release of other hormones, ex: TRH)
-neural control (autonomic NS - not in control)
-water soluble, can float around blood stream with
no issues since the blood stream is made up of
water, but cannot get through phospholipid bilayer
- which is why we need receptors on the cells and
Non-steroidal hormones
second messengers (proteins that live inside the
cells to help get the message to the nucleus)
-ex: insulin: freely moves around bloodstream but
has to connect with a second messenger
,10/20/24, 8:06 PM NR 283 Final Exam 2024-2025 /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TEST…
-lipid soluble, fatty hormones floating around
bloodstream cannot float around easily so they
need carrier proteins to carry them. When they get
Steroidal Hormones to the cell, they dont have any issues getting into
the cell they can deliver the message straight to the
nucleus
ex: sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone)
refers to the receptivity of cells, how open is that
regulation
cell to allow a hormone in
if we starve a cell of a hormone, they will be much
more likely to get a hormone in
Upregulation -this is why type II diabetes can be reversible, if the
cells haven't seen insulin in a while, the pancreas
isn't overworking to pump out insulin
-happens with type II diabetes, have tons of glucose
in bloodstream, in response the pancreas (beta
cells) pump out insulin, in a normal state the
pancreas is able to pump out insulin, but since there
is so much excess glucose in the blood, insulin
Downregulation
comes to the cell receptor and they wont let
glucose in because they have become
sensitized.Now it will take more insulin to do the
same job.
-also happens with narcotic addiction
thyroid hormone helps us make ATP, the target cells
for thyroid hormone is every cell in the body so it
affects many things.
-need more ATP? positive feedback loop is started.
Hypothalamus release TRH which reaches pituitary
Thyroid Cascade
gland and then releases TSH, TSH reaches thyroid
and the thyroid gland release TH and then goes to
target cells (all cells in the body), once we have
enough, negative feedback loop is initiated to stop
making TRH
, 10/20/24, 8:06 PM NR 283 Final Exam 2024-2025 /NR 283 complete questions with complete solution/COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENTLY TEST…
-autoimmune
-most common cause is a tumor on gland (pituitary)
Cause of Endocrine
-target cell resistance (type II diabetes)
Disorders
-congenital defect
-hyperplasia (increase in cell number - goiter)
(graves disease)
-only affects women,
autoimmune
-body produces antibodies
(normally fight infection), but
this AB's instead will go to the
thyroid and will mimic the
cascade. They tell the thyroid
to produce more thyroid
hormone, even when negative
feedback is taking place
-Sx: exophalmos (bulging of
the eyes caused by
inflammation from cell
Hyperthyroidism mediators), toxic goiter,
symptoms are also due to
everything speeding up (hot
because of increased
metabolism which makes more
ATP - ATP releases heat, shaky:
everything is moving fast
through body, weight loss:
crazy fast metabolism,
tachycardia, increased BP:
thyroid hormone helps
maintain BP
-Tx: iodine (kill part of thyroid)
or surgically remove part of
thyroid
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