MLT-MLS UAMS Hematology Exam 2
Question and Answers [100% Correct]
2024/2025 Latest Release!!
What is the role of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in response to low oxygen
levels in the blood.
How can he...
MLT-MLS UAMS Hematology Exam 2
Question and Answers [100% Correct]
2024/2025 Latest Release!!
What is the role of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in response to low oxygen
levels in the blood.
How can hemolytic anemia be differentiated from other types of anemia?
Hemolytic anemia is characterized by an increased reticulocyte count and the presence of
abnormal red blood cell morphology, such as spherocytes or schistocytes.
What laboratory findings are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vitamin B12 deficiency typically presents with macrocytic anemia, elevated methylmalonic acid
levels, and low serum B12 levels.
How does a peripheral blood smear assist in diagnosing various hematologic conditions?
A peripheral blood smear provides valuable information about red and white blood cell
morphology, helping identify conditions like leukemias or anemias based on cell appearance.
What is the significance of the D-dimer test in coagulation disorders?
D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product; elevated levels indicate increased clot formation and
breakdown, helping to diagnose conditions like deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
What are the typical causes of thrombocytopenia in patients?
Common causes include bone marrow disorders, increased destruction of platelets (as seen in
ITP), and dilutional effects after massive blood transfusions.
How does chronic kidney disease lead to anemia?
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, Chronic kidney disease reduces erythropoietin production and can also lead to iron deficiency
due to decreased iron absorption, both contributing to anemia.
What are the hallmark features of myelodysplastic syndromes?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood
cytopenias, and dysplastic changes in the bone marrow.
What is the mechanism of action of anticoagulants like warfarin?
Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, reducing the synthesis of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors in the liver, which decreases blood coagulation.
What distinguishes leukemoid reactions from leukemias?
Leukemoid reactions involve a marked increase in white blood cells due to infection or stress,
whereas leukemias are clonal expansions of immature cells.
How is hemoglobin A1c used in monitoring diabetes?
Hemoglobin A1c reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months,
aiding in the management of diabetes.
What are the typical symptoms of polycythemia vera?
Symptoms often include headache, dizziness, pruritus after hot showers, and an increased risk of
thrombosis due to high red blood cell mass.
How does hemochromatosis affect iron metabolism?
Hemochromatosis leads to excessive iron absorption from the diet, resulting in iron overload and
potential damage to organs like the liver and heart.
What is the role of the spleen in hematologic health?
The spleen filters blood, removes old or damaged red blood cells, and plays a key role in immune
responses by producing antibodies and filtering pathogens.
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, What laboratory tests are commonly used to assess coagulation pathways?
Common tests include prothrombin time (PT) for the extrinsic pathway and activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT) for the intrinsic pathway.
How can you differentiate between hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias?
Hemoglobinopathies result from mutations in the globin genes affecting hemoglobin structure,
while thalassemias are due to reduced production of globin chains.
What is the significance of basophils in the blood?
Basophils play a role in allergic responses and inflammation, releasing histamine and heparin, and
are often elevated in conditions like chronic myeloid leukemia.
What is the clinical significance of elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels?
Elevated LDH can indicate tissue damage or hemolysis and is often associated with conditions like
hemolytic anemia or certain malignancies.
What findings would you expect in a patient with aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia typically presents with pancytopenia, a hypocellular bone marrow, and
symptoms related to decreased red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
How do you interpret a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in a complete blood count?
A high MCV suggests macrocytic anemia, often due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, or may
indicate liver disease or alcohol abuse.
What is the primary purpose of performing a blood culture?
Blood cultures are performed to detect the presence of bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream,
aiding in diagnosing infections such as sepsis.
What are the common causes of microcytic anemia?
Microcytic anemia is often due to iron deficiency, thalassemia, or chronic disease, leading to the
production of smaller than normal red blood cells.
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