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10/10/2024 11:44 AM
PNS 1202 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are the dietary concerns when taking furosemide (Lasix)? - answer✔Low sodium, high
potassium diet
What is a normal sodium level? - answer✔135-145
What is a normal potassium level? - answer✔3.5-5.2
What is a normal magnesium level? - answer✔1.5-2.5
What is a normal phosphorus level? - answer✔2.5-4.5
What is a normal calcium level? - answer✔8.5-10
What is the normal amount of RBCs? - answer✔4.2-6
What is the normal adult Hgb? - answer✔10-15
What is the normal adult Hct? - answer✔30-45
What is the normal amount of WBCs? - answer✔5,000-11,000
What are the signs and symptoms of hyponatremia? - answer✔Fatigue, lethargy, headache,
mental confusion, altered level of consciousness, anxiety, coma, anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
muscle cramps, seizures, decreased sensation and BP
What are the nursing interventions for hyponatremia? - answer✔Restrict water intake, have a
normal sodium intake, and replace water loss with fluids containing sodium
What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia? - answer✔Dry mucous membranes, taut
skin turgor, intense thirst, flushed skin, oliguria, hyperthermia, weakness, lethargy, irritability,
twitching, seizures, coma, and intracranial bleeding
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What are the nursing interventions for hypernatremia? - answer✔Increase fluid intake, measure
I&Os, restrict sodium intake, and monitor temperature
What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? - answer✔abdominal pain, paralytic ileus,
gaseous distention of intestines, cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, decreased reflexes,
paralysis, urinary retention, increased urinary pH, lethargy, confusion, and electrocardiogram
changes
What are the nursing interventions for hypokalemia? - answer✔Eat potassium rich foods,
observe for digitalis toxicity, and monitor I&O and cardiac rhythm
What are the signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia? - answer✔muscle weakness, fatigue,
hypotension, nausea, paresthesias, paralysis, cardiac dysrhythmias, and ECG changes
What are the nursing interventions for hyperkalemia? - answer✔Decrease intake of potassium
rich foods, increase fluid intake, and use salt substitutes that contain potassium
What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia? - answer✔paresthesia, abdominal cramps,
weak pulse, decreased BP, seizures, muscle spasms, tetany, hand spasm, positive chvostek sign,
positive trousseau sign, cardiac dysrhythmia, wheezing, dyspnea, difficulty swallowing, colic,
cardiac failure, excessive blood transfusions
What are the nursing interventions for hypocalcemia? - answer✔Eat calcium rich foods and take
calcium supplements 30 minutes before meals
What are the signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? - answer✔anorexia, nausea, abdominal
pain, constipation, muscle weakness, constipation, muscle weakness, oliguria, confusion, renal
calculi, pathologic fractures, dysrhythmias, and cardiac arrest
What are the nursing interventions for hypercalcemia? - answer✔Administer diuretics,
encourage high fluid intake, and monitor I&Os
What causes respiratory acidosis? - answer✔Slow respirations or respiratory obstruction
What is the main s/s of respiratory acidosis? - answer✔Dyspnea
What causes metabolic acidosis? - answer✔Shock, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, and
diarrhea
What is the main s/s of metabolic acidosis? - answer✔Confusion/headache
What causes respiratory alkalosis? - answer✔Hyperventilation
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What is the main s/s of respiratory alkalosis? - answer✔Tachypnea
What causes metabolic alkalosis? - answer✔Vomiting, excessive antacid intake, and
hypokalemia
What is the main s/s of metabolic alkalosis? - answer✔Seizures
How is HIV transmitted? - answer✔Exposure to HIV infected blood, bodily fluids or tissue by
unprotected sex, sharing needles, and maternal-fetal exposure.
What are the initial s/s of AIDS? - answer✔Flu-like: fever, fatigue, diarrhea, and loss of appetite
What are the complications of AIDS? - answer✔Wasting syndrome, kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas
and encephalopathy
What is wasting syndrome? - answer✔Losing more than 10% of weight along with 30 days of
diarrhea, weakness, and fever.
What is kaposi sarcoma? - answer✔Pink/red/purple discolorations on the skin, mouth, lungs, or
intestines
What are lymphomas? - answer✔Tumors of the tissues and cells of the lymphatic system
What is encephalopathy? - answer✔Neurologic signs and symptoms that are hard to differentiate
from depression, parkinson's disease and Alzheimer disease.
What should you teach a patient regarding using a decongestant nasal spray? - answer✔If they
take it for more than 3 days, it can cause a rebound effect making the nose stuffier.
Define stridor as it pertains to laryngeal conditions. - answer✔Stridor is caused by laryngeal
inflammation
What is the post-op care for nasal surgery? - answer✔Lay in a semi-fowler's position, drink
plenty of fluids, use an icepack on the nose, do not blow nose, use saline rinses, do not
bend/strain/exercise for 2 weeks, and do not use a straw.
What is the positive reading for a PPD test for a person with a history of contact with TB? -
answer✔5mm
What is the positive reading for a PPD test for a person that is an immigrant, lacking proper
medical attention, and homeless? - answer✔10mm
What is the positive reading for a PPD test for a person that is low risk? - answer✔15mm
