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2024 AQA A-LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 AQA A-LEVEL BIOLOGY PAPER 1 EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 AQA A-LEVEL BIOLOGYPAPER 1 EXAM WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
What type of theory can cell theory be described as? - CORRECT-ANSWERSA
unifying concept
What is a unifying concpet? - CORRECT-ANSWERSA concept that is
universally accepted among the scientific community
What are the three main ideas that Cell Theory states? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- All living organisms are made up of one or more cells
-Cells are the basic functional unit
- New cells are produced from pre-existing cells
Describe what is meant by this statement: "Cells are the basic functional
unit" - CORRECT-ANSWERSThat cells are the basic unit of structure and
organization within an organism
What is courtship and what's it involved in? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCourtship is
behavior carried out be species in order to find a suitable mate and has a
major role in species recognition and involves chemical, visual and auditory
stimuli
What does courtship behavior allow for - CORRECT-ANSWERS- species
recognition
- synchronise mating
- form a pair bond
- become able to breed
How are species named? - CORRECT-ANSWERSbinomial nomenclature
What does the binomial naming system consist of? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGeneric name
Specific name
underlined and first generic name must be capitalized while first specific
name lowercase
,What is taxonomy? - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe science of naming and
classifying organisms
What is a taxon? - CORRECT-ANSWERSa distinct category into which related
organisms are placed
What are the taxa? - CORRECT-ANSWERSDomain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class,
Order, Family, Genus, Species
What are the five kingdoms? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAnimals, plants, fungi,
prokaryotes, protists
What is molecular phylogeny? - CORRECT-ANSWERSanalysis of the genetic
material of organisms to establish their evolutionary relationships
How is data evaluated within the scientific community? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPublished in scientific journals and presented in conferences
Evidenced is studied in peer review
Scientists collect evidence to support or reject the hypothesis
What is sampling? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe random selection of individuals
to measure
Why may sampling not be representative of the population? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSchance
sampling bias
How do you eliminate sampling bias? - CORRECT-ANSWERSUsing quadrat or
transect by placing these on randomly generated coordinates in sample area
How do you increase reliability of results obtained from sampling - CORRECT-
ANSWERSUser a larger sample size
What does phylogeny allow for? - CORRECT-ANSWERSComparisons among
species while controlling for evolutionary independent events (origins and
relationships)
What must taxa not do? - CORRECT-ANSWERSnot overlap
What are the three domains - CORRECT-ANSWERSArchaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
What is a feature distinct of archaea and bacteria? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRNA
type
What are archae? - CORRECT-ANSWERSExtremophile prokaryotes (extreme
envrionments)
,What are the characteristics of archae? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- no nucleus
- unique lipid membranes
- no peptidoglycan
- smaller ribosomes
What are bacteria? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAll unicellular prokaryotic (no
nucleus) organisms with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and divide by binary
fission
What are eukarya? - CORRECT-ANSWERSA group of organisms made up of
one or more eukaryotic cells
What are characteristics of eukaryotes? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- nuclei
- membrane bound organelles
- vary in size
- divide by mitosis
- sexual or asexual reproduction
What is hierarchal classification? - CORRECT-ANSWERSHierarchal
classification is used to organize similar and closely related organisms
together within large groups connecting smaller groups with no overlap
What is studied in genome sequencing and what is it used to found? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSmRNA
DNA
Amino acids
Used to found evolutionary relationships
Which protein is used for genome sequencing normally and why? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSCytochrome C as the protein has to be present in a wide range of
organisms to show variation and as Cytochrome C is involved in respiration,
it is one of the most common proteins
What does a more similar sequence imply and why? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSMore similar sequences means the more closely related as similar
sequences would have been separated more recently as less time for
mutations
Describe how immunology can be used to investigate evolutionary
relationships - CORRECT-ANSWERSAlbumin from blood is used as it is widely
found
- Pure albumin samples are extracted from blood samples taken from
multiple species
- each pure albumin sample is injected into a different rabit
- each rabbit produced antibodies for that specific type of albumin
, - the different antibodies are extracted from the different rabbits and mixed
with the different albumin samples
- the precipitate resulting from each mixed sample is weighted
In the albumin investigation what is the precipitate formed? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSantigen-antibody complexes
What does a greater weight of precipitate indicate from albumin sampling
and why? - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe greater the weight, the greater the
degree of complementarity between antibody and albumin meaning a closer
relationship
What is biodiversity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe variety of life in the world or
in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
What can biodiversity be measured as? - CORRECT-ANSWERSSpecies
diversity
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem diversity
What is species diversity and how is it counted? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSpecies diversity is the number of different species and the
number of different individuals of each species in a given community
Measured by counting species number by random sample
What is ecosystem diversity? - CORRECT-ANSWERSvariety of habitats,
communities, and ecological processes in the biosphere
What is the index of diversity and what are all the symbols? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSD = N(N-1)/Σn(n-1)
N = total number of all individuals
n = total number of individuals for each species
How are agricultural methods reducing biodiversity and number of species
present? - CORRECT-ANSWERSNew agricultural methods are reducing
biodiversity as humans select for particular characteristics
This reduces number alleles of in the gene pool and therefore the genetic
diversity of that population
What is monoculture and why is it bad? - CORRECT-ANSWERSWhen
agricultural land is only typically used to grow a single species, fewer
individuals of other species can survive there
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