Exam (elaborations)
WX 301 FINAL EXAM 2024/2025
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WX 301 FINAL EXAM 2024/2025
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WX 301 FINAL EXAM 2024/2025Identify the favored regions around a winter mid-latitude cyclone for the
formation of snow and other types of frozen precipitation - Precise
Answer ✔✔North west of the low/ ahead of the warm front
Describe how the temperature must change with height to produce rain,
snow, sleet, or freezing. - Precise Answer ✔✔Depends on the thickness
of the layer near the surface.
Define critical thickness - Precise Answer ✔✔Thickness you need for
snow/540 decameters/5,400 meters
Analyze a 1000-500mb thickness chart to determine the likelihood of
rain versus snow. - Precise Answer ✔✔The lower the thickness, the
colder the better the chances of having snow Think 540 as 32 degrees
mark bare minimum.
Define what is meant by ground icing "hold-over" times. - Precise
Answer ✔✔• Hold-over time: length of time deicing fluid will prevent
ice build-up on an aircraft
• Time ranges from 45 minutes for frost to less than a couple minutes for
freezing rain
, Explain why equivalent liquid water precipitation rate is important in
aviation winter weather decision-making and how it affects hold-over
times. - Precise Answer ✔✔• Basing precipitation intensity on visibility
alone does not adequately measure true rate of liquid water equivalent
accumulation
• Accurate, real-time measurements of liquid-equivalent snowfall rates
need to be made and reported to pilots and ground operations personnel,
not just visibility measurements.
• Accurately predicting deicing hold-over times remains a significant
aviation safety factor
Identify the fundamental cause of icing - Precise Answer ✔✔• Liquid
water droplets +5 to -40c
Rime ice - Precise Answer ✔✔small droplets, freeze rapidly cause
trapped air, opaque appearance, forms at temps below -15C
clear ice - Precise Answer ✔✔larger droplets with little trapped air,
forms at 0 to -5 C, equivalent to freezing rain
mixed Ice - Precise Answer ✔✔Mixed: drop size varies, forms at
intermediate temps -5 to -15C
Describe the impacts of icing on aircraft performance (stall speed, fuel
consumption, service ceiling, stall angle, etc) - Precise Answer ✔✔•
Stall speed increases
• Fuel rate consumption increases
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