RAD FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
diff btwn receptor holder and Beam alignment device - ANSWERSthe RH only stabilizes the receptor. the BAI stabilizes and helps align the PID to the receptor
which receptor holder is dispoabable - ANSWERSstabe bite block
what year were standard...
diff btwn receptor holder and Beam alignment device - ANSWERSthe RH only stabilizes the receptor. the
BAI stabilizes and helps align the PID to the receptor
which receptor holder is dispoabable - ANSWERSstabe bite block
what year were standards established for xray equip. - ANSWERS1974
film base is made of ? how thick? and its function? - ANSWERSpolyester plastic, 0.2 mm, supports the
emulsion
adhesive layer of film is located on which side? and purpose? - ANSWERSboth sides of film, attaches the
emulsion to the base
the emulsion is composed of - ANSWERShomogenous mix of silver halide and gelatin.
the 2 types of silver halide are - ANSWERSAgBr (siliver bromide 80-90%) and AgI (silver iodide 1-10%)
protective layer of film is? - ANSWERSa thin transparent coating over the emulsion to protect it from
manipulation / damage
describe silver halide crystals positioned behind an amalgam restoration ? or behind air space? -
ANSWERSamalgam -less energized bc they recieve less radiation. air space - there is less density so there
is more radiation recieved and crystals are highly energized
which is used in intraoral xray film? Double emulsion or single emulsion ? - ANSWERSdouble emulsion
(emulsion on both sides) bc it requires less radiation exposuire
,WHAT ARE 3 FACTORS AFFECTING FILM SPEED (board question) - ANSWERS1. size of silv halide crystals
(larger is faster)
2. thickness of emulsion
3. presence of radiosensitive dyes
what are the tube side and label side of the outer film wrapping? - ANSWERSTUBE SIDE : "white in sight"
faces the teeth and tubehead and contains raised ID dot. LABEL SIDE has flap to open film packet
F speed film requires ___ percent of the exposure time that D film used - ANSWERS60%
optimal storage conditions for film are at what temperature and humidity level - ANSWERStemp : 50- 70
degrees ........30 to 50 % humidity.
how does image sharpness compare with use of fast or slow speed films - ANSWERSFAST = less sharp,
big crystals. SLOW = more sharp, small crystals...... HINT TO REMEMBER : if a crackhead has large crystals
they are bouncing off the walls so fast and they lose their mental sharpness. if they have only small
crystals they wont be as hyper and will have more sharpness LOL
compounds that change when exposed to light or radiation are termed - ANSWERShalides
invisble part of stored energy on a film is called - ANSWERSlatent image
is a screen film more sensitive to fluroescent light or to xrays? - ANSWERSflurescent light
what device transfers xray energy into visible light - ANSWERSintensifying screen
INCREASED mA results in - ANSWERS-INCREASED # OF XRAYS
-INCREASED DENSITY (darker image)
is duplicating film used intraorally or extraorally? - ANSWERSNEITHER!!!! its used by itself in a dark room
to make a copy of an exisiting radiograph. IT DOES NOT GET EXPOSED TO XRAYS!!!!!
, if exposure time increased how does it affect the NUMBER of xray photons - ANSWERSalso increases
INCREASED kV RESULTS IN - ANSWERS-xrays of HIGHER energy
-INCREASED denisty (darker image)
-LOW CONTRAST (more shades of gray)
-long scale contrast
increased exposure time results in - ANSWERSicreased density (darkness)
what is short scale and long scale contrast - ANSWERSSHORT SCALE = high contrast, very black and white
..... LONG SCALE = low cont, many shades of gray
what 3 factors influence sharpnes - ANSWERS1. FOCAL SPOT SIZE (smaller is sharper , think of a needle
being sharper than something bigger liek a pencil )
2.FILM COMPOSITION (smaller emulsion crystals are more sharp)
3. MOVEMENT (if pt moves image is blurry and not sharp)
what is Penumbra ? when is it found in images? - ANSWERSunsharpness / blurring of image around
edges. PRESENT IN EVERY IMAGE TO A CERTAIN EXTENT. but images with a small focal spot have less
Penumbra
what type of object receptor alignment minimizes distortion - ANSWERSbeing parallel
how is SUBJECT THICKNESS (size of the patient) related to density - ANSWERS-LESS SUBJ THICKNESS =
small patient = more density = darker image
-MORE THICKNESS = large patient, less density, lighter image
how is magnification affected by target-receptor (determined by length of PID) and object-receptor
(btwn tooth and film) distance? - ANSWERS-INCREASED TARGET RECEPTOR (longer pid) = less
magnification, INCREASED OBJECT RECEPTOR = more magnification.
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