NSG 6005 Week1 Pharmacology Exam
Review *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2024/2025
|VERIFIED|
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?
They inhibit the action of catecholamines on beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased
heart rate and myoca...
NSG 6005 Week1 Pharmacology Exam
Review *Q&A* (100% Correct) 2024/2025
|VERIFIED|
What is the primary mechanism of action for beta-blockers in the treatment of hypertension?
They inhibit the action of catecholamines on beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased
heart rate and myocardial contractility.
Describe the significance of the first-pass effect in pharmacokinetics.
The first-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic
circulation, which can significantly reduce its bioavailability.
What is the therapeutic index, and why is it important in pharmacology?
The therapeutic index is the ratio between the toxic dose and the effective dose of a drug,
indicating its safety margin and guiding dosage decisions.
How do NSAIDs relieve pain and inflammation?
They inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which reduces the production of prostaglandins
involved in pain and inflammation.
What is the role of the nurse in monitoring a patient on anticoagulant therapy?
The nurse should monitor for signs of bleeding, assess INR or aPTT levels, and educate the
patient on the importance of adherence to dosing schedules.
What is the primary purpose of using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in patients with gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)?
PPIs reduce gastric acid secretion, promoting healing of the esophageal lining and alleviating
symptoms of GERD.
What are the potential adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid use?
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, Long-term use can lead to osteoporosis, weight gain, increased risk of infection, and adrenal
suppression.
Describe how loop diuretics function in the management of heart failure.
Loop diuretics inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to
increased urine output and reduced fluid overload.
What is the main action of ACE inhibitors in treating heart failure?
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation and
reduced fluid retention.
What are the key nursing considerations when administering digoxin?
Nurses should monitor the patient's heart rate, assess for signs of toxicity, and evaluate kidney
function before administration.
How do anticholinergic drugs affect the body?
Anticholinergics block the action of acetylcholine, leading to reduced secretions, bronchodilation,
and decreased gastrointestinal motility.
What are the signs of an allergic reaction to a medication?
Common signs include rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis in severe
cases.
Why is it essential to assess liver function before prescribing certain medications?
Impaired liver function can affect drug metabolism and increase the risk of toxicity or decreased
therapeutic effects.
What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?
Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body processes a drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion), while pharmacodynamics refers to the drug's effects on the body.
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