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Hondros 176 exam 1 review- Diabetes/Questions and Answers
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Hondros 176 exam 1 review- Diabetes/Questions and Answers
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Hondros 176 exam 1 review-Diabetes/Questions and Answers
Glycogenolysis - -breakdown of glycogen to glucose
- Polydypsia - -increased thirst
- Polyuria - -Excessive urination
- Metabolic Syndrome - -A syndrome marked by the presence of usually
three or more of a group of factors (as high blood pressure, abdominal
obesity, high triglyceride levels, low HDL levels, and high fasting levels of
blood sugar) that are linked to increased risk of CAD, stroke, and DM2.
- Onset - -The time the insulin begins to lower blood glucose
- counterregulatory hormones - -Hormoes that trigger the use of glycogen
- Lipodistrophy - -caused when inj. are commonly inj. in the same spot and
fibrous tissue develops so drug absorption decreases because it is being
injected into fibrous tissue therefore like with insulin, you must administer in
a new spot each time.
- Novolin R - -short acting insulin
- Exercise - -This can lower blood glucose levels
- Glucagon - -A protein hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that
raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.
- Gluconeogenesis - -The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate
sources, such as lipids and proteins.
- Novolin N - -intermediate acting insulin
- insulin resistance - -the inability of the cells to respond to insulin
effectively
- Novolog - -insulin aspart, rapid acting
- Hypoglycemia - -abnormally low level of sugar in the blood, <70
<50 will have neurological effects
- hyperglycemia - -excessive sugar in the blood, >140, >100 if fasting
, - Peak - -The time when the insulin lowers blood sugar the most
- Preprandial - -before a meal
- Glargine - -Long acting insulin (Lantus)
- polyphagia - -excessive hunger
- Duration - -(n.) the length of time that insulin continues or lasts
- Glycogen - -Storage form of glucose
- Causes of hypoglycemia - -too much insulin,no food, too much/intense
exercise
- S/S of hypoglycemia - -shakiness, diaphoresis, anxiety, nervousness, chills,
nausea, headache, weakness, confusion, hungry
- Treatment for hypoglycemia - -4oz orange juice, 2 oz grape juice, 8 oz
milk, glucose tablets; recheck blood glucose in 15 minutes if still low (<70),
give 15g more carbs; recheck blood glucose in 15 minutes, if within normal
limits eats 1g protein (peanut butter, cheese)
- causes of hyperglycemia - -too much food, ill, too little insulin, decreased
activity, infection, stress
- S/S hyperglycemia: 3 Ps - -Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria
(also: hot and dry, sugar high)
- Treatment for hyperglycemia - -IV fluids, insulin, potassium
- glycosylated hemoglobin - -4-6% is normal, anything above 7% indicates a
need to adjust medication or that the patient does have DM. This test the
blood glucose levels over the previous few months
- Total cholesterol - -<200 mg/dL
- HDL - -high-density lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
Male: >45 mg/dl
female: >55 mg/dl
- LDL - -low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
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