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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 Unit 2 Exam
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Portage Learning Pathophysiology NURS 231 Unit 2 ExamNeoplasia is a disorder of altered cell differentiation and growth. Neoplasm is the "new
growth."
Define neoplasia and neoplasm:
Proliferation, a process of cell division, is an adaptive process for new cell growth to
replace old cells or when additional cells are needed. Differentiation is the process in
which cells become more specialized with each mitotic division.
Define proliferation and differentiation:
These include well-differentiated neurons, cells of skeletal and cardiac muscles, which
rarely divide and reproduce, while progenitor or parent cells continue to divide and
reproduce, thus blood, skin and liver cells. Third group is that of undifferentiated stem
cells that have the ability to enter the cell cycle and therefore produce large number of
progenitor cells, if needed.
3 main groups of proliferating cells are?
Because these more specialized cells are unable to divide, these cell populations
depend on progenitor or parent cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated
to the point they have lost the ability to divide. They have sufficient differentiation so the
daughter cells are restricted to the same cell line but not quite differentiated enough to
prohibit active proliferation.
What are progenitor cells?
Actually, stem cells do nothing until they are needed. In case of need, though, they can
divide to provide additional stem cells and specialize into the differentiated cell's role.
, Properties of stem cells include self-renewal and potency. A stem cell is self-renewing
because it can undergo many mitotic divisions while remaining undifferentiated.
Potency, on the other hand, is a characteristic of stem cells in relation to their
differentiation capability.
What are the advantages of the stem cell?
Polyp: A project from a mucous membrane surface, such as the intestine. A polyp can
be non-malignant or malignant.
Polyp?
This multi-step process involves the following sequence of events: a malignant cell
needs to break loose from the primary tumour, invade the surrounding extracellular
matrix, gain access to a blood vessel, survive its passage in the circulation, emerge at a
suitable location, invade the surrounding tissue, begin to grow, and establish a blood
supply.
Describe metastasis and how it arises:
Solid tumours and haematological malignancies
What are the two major categories of malignant neoplasms?
This is a localized preinvasive lesion. These usually can be surgically removed or
treated and recurrence is not as likely to occur.
what is carcinoma in situ?
Seeding of cancer cells into body cavities is when a tumor releases cells into these
spaces. Most often seeding occurs into the peritoneal cavity, as is usually seen with
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