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Samenvatting - Animal evolution and adaptation (NWI-BP004C)

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Hi, this document summarizes the course Animal evolution and adaptation of the Radboud University, which I followed in September and October 2024. I include notes from the lectures, online modules, self-tests, wrap ups, and some of the practicals. This document provides an overview and a detailed d...

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Animal Evolution and Adaptation NWI-BP004C-2024-KW1-V



Animal Evolution and Adaptation
Course coordinator: Juriaan Metz, practical coordinator: Quinte Geessinck

Reading tip: Your inner fish

Disclaimer: All information is derived from the lectures, the online modules, quizzes and the book by
Campbell: Biology, a global approach (11th and 12th edition). Course followed in semester 1 2024-
2025.


Table of contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 3
Scientific terminology .......................................................................................................................... 3
Anatomy .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Phylogenetic trees ............................................................................................................................... 4
L1 Classification ................................................................................................................................... 6
What is an animal? .......................................................................................................................... 7
Body plans ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Darwin ............................................................................................................................................... 10
L2 Unicellular vs multicellular............................................................................................................ 12
Protists ........................................................................................................................................... 12
Phylum Porifera = sponges ............................................................................................................ 14
L3: Radial vs bilaterial symmetry ....................................................................................................... 17
Symmetry ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Cnidaria.......................................................................................................................................... 18
Ctenophora .................................................................................................................................... 21
Platyhelminthes ............................................................................................................................. 22
L4: Coelom formation and segmentation .......................................................................................... 25
Acoela ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Nematoda ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Annelida......................................................................................................................................... 28
L5: Lophotrochozoa = superphylum .................................................................................................. 33
Rotifera .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Ectoprocta...................................................................................................................................... 35
Brachiopoda................................................................................................................................... 35
Mollusca ........................................................................................................................................ 36
L6 Ecdysozoa - superphylum ............................................................................................................. 41
Tribolita .......................................................................................................................................... 44

,Animal Evolution and Adaptation NWI-BP004C-2024-KW1-V


Subphylum Chelicerata .................................................................................................................. 44
Myriapoda ..................................................................................................................................... 45
Pancrustacea – Crustacea and Insecta .......................................................................................... 45
L7 Deuterostomia .............................................................................................................................. 51
Echinodermata .............................................................................................................................. 51
Hemichordata ................................................................................................................................ 53
Chordata ........................................................................................................................................ 53
L9-12 Organ systems.............................................................................................................................. 66
Digestion ............................................................................................................................................ 66
How is the digestive tract different between clades? ................................................................... 66
Skeleton ............................................................................................................................................. 68
Comparison skeleton ..................................................................................................................... 70
Excretory systems .............................................................................................................................. 74
Comparison between clades ......................................................................................................... 75
Respiration......................................................................................................................................... 77
Comparison between clades ......................................................................................................... 77
Circulation.......................................................................................................................................... 78
Comparison between clades ......................................................................................................... 79
Humans.................................................................................................................................................. 80

, Animal Evolution and Adaptation NWI-BP004C-2024-KW1-V


Introduction
Learning goals

- Evolution: comparative morphology/anatomy of main groups of animals

- Adaptation: adaptations of body plans to life in water, on land an in air -> form = function

- Describe the distinguishing characteristics of the major animal clades;

- Understand the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships among and between different
animal groups;

- Describe structure-function relationships of the major animal clades at the organ, tissue and
cellular level;

- Compare and contrast the adaptations required for living in interaction with a specific
environment;

- Develop the ability to perform directed dissections and independent study of animal
specimens representative of major phyla or classes




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Scientific terminology
Evolution is the biological concept that refers to the process of change in all forms of life over
successive generations.

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