PHR Study Guide CORRECT 100%
OSHA Form 300 - ANSWER Form used to report work-related illness or injury. Includes type and cause of
illness or injury, as well as to whom, where and when the illness or injury occurred. Completed by
employer within a week of the incident.
OSHA Form 300A - ANSWER Summary of illnesses and injuries that occurred during the year. Information
about the previous year must be posted at a worksite by February 1st and must remain viewable through
April 30th.
OSHA Form 301 - ANSWER Detailed info about illnesses and injuries, including where employees are
treated and their physician info. Also includes what the employee was doing prior to incident and info
about cause of incident
Non-work related incidents - ANSWER It was the result of activities that took place outside the
workplace.
It became apparent at the workplace, but the employee was not in the workplace to perform work.
It happened while the employee was performing personal activities, before or after scheduled work
hours.
It occurred during a vehicular accident on company property, while the employee was commuting to or
from work.
It resulted from consuming food or beverages that were prepared by the employee.
It resulted from medication the employee was taking for a non-work-related illness.
It was deliberately self-inflicted.
OSHA - ANSWER 1971 Occupational Safety and Health Administration is an agency of the U.S.
Department of Labor that works with employees and employers to enforce health and safety regulations
at the federal level.
Businesses with _____________ employees are required to keep complete records of all workplace-
related injuries and illnesses. - ANSWER More than 10
,Since OSHA was established in 1971, workplace-related deaths have decreased by how much? - ANSWER
60%
Which OSHA program protects employees from retaliation after they have helped identify violations in
employee health and safety? - ANSWER Whistleblower protection
Hazard Communication Standard - ANSWER Popularly known as the Right-to-Know Law. This standard
requires that employees be informed of hazardous chemicals they may be working with or encounter in
the workplace. The law requires that hazardous chemicals be labeled, that employers maintain a list of
all such chemicals in the workplace, and that workers be trained to use the relevant chemicals they will
encounter while on the job. It also requires that employers provide Safety Data Sheets (SDS) that
describe the dangers of chemicals found in the workplace, and instructions for preventing exposure to
those chemicals.
OSHA standards cover these areas - ANSWER General Industry
Construction
Maritime
Record Keeping
Agriculture
De Minimis Violation - ANSWER This occurs when a standard is violated, but that violation does not
currently affect the health or safety of employees. The employer will be informed of the violation, but
will not be cited
Other-Than-Serious Violation - ANSWER This violation type occurs when a standard is violated that does
affect the health and safety of employees, but no harm is imminent. The employer will be cited for the
violation and may be required to pay a fine up to $7,000 per violation
Serious Violation - ANSWER This type of violation occurs when there is an imminent risk that an
employee will be harmed or killed. The employer will be cited for the violation and may be required to
pay a fine up to $7,000 per violation
Failure to Abate Violation - ANSWER This type of violation is issued if an employer continues to violate a
standard after a date of abatement is established by a previous OSHA investigation. The employer will be
, cited for the violation and may be required to pay a fine up to $7,000 per violation each day after the
abatement date
Repeat Violation - ANSWER A repeat violation occurs when an employer continues to violate the same or
similar standard after an OSHA investigation. The employer will be cited for the violation and may be
required to pay a fine up to $70,000 per violation
Willful Violation - ANSWER When employers intentionally ignore or intentionally violate OSHA standards,
they can be found to commit a willful violation. The employer will be cited for the violation and required
to pay fines ranging between $5,000 and $70,000. If an employee's death results from the violation, an
employer may face additional penalties and jail time.
The Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 - ANSWER Established the Mine Safety and Health
Administration. It is interested in protecting the safety of coal miners and other mine workers. The Act
established standards and monitoring operations that are mandatory. It also established record-keeping
protocols for casualties and fatalities in mines.
Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 - ANSWER Requires any employer that receives federal funding or has
federal contracts totaling at least $100,000 a year must establish a drug-free policy for the workplace.
Such a policy must bar employees from using, distributing, manufacturing, or possessing illegal drugs in
the workplace and also prohibit them from working under the influence of drugs.
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000 - ANSWER Requires that employers keep recordings of
needlestick and sharps injuries, protecting employees who have been injured, and requiring employers
to remain vigilant and explore devices that do away with needles and sharps or reduce the risk involved
in working with them.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act - ANSWER aka SOX Act, passed in 2002 with the aim of holding senior executives
responsible for the financial practices of an organization. The Act is intended to discourage fraud by
holding senior executives for crimes like accounting fraud and record tampering if these actions conceal
or alter the financial information that, under the law, must be made available to shareholders. The
Securities and Exchange Commission is principally responsible for enforcing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The
law also increases the penalties for white-collar crimes and requires the regular disclosure of financial
reports to the SEC.
The Doctrine of Contributory Negligence - ANSWER If an employee's actions contribute to his or her
becoming ill or injured, then this may be used to mitigate or lessen the employer's responsibility.
, The Fellow Servant Rule - ANSWER According to the fellow servant rule, employers are not responsible
for injuries caused to an employee by a fellow employee. For example, an employer would not be liable
for injuries caused to an employee during a physical altercation with a colleague, even if those injuries
occurred on company property.
Voluntary Assumption of Risk - ANSWER This rule recognizes that employees working in dangerous
positions recognize and accept the risks they face.
Environmental Health Hazard - ANSWER Anything that is present in an employee's work environment,
which poses a risk to his or her safety or health.
Biological Hazard - ANSWER Activity, condition, or contaminated object that may expose an employee to
an infectious disease. Contaminated food, unsanitary conditions, and dirty needle sticks are examples of
a biological hazard. Three infectious diseases to which employees are most commonly exposed are HBV
(hepatitis B, a liver disease that is commonly transmitted by dirty needles or mishandling of bodily
fluids); HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus, which causes AIDS and can be transmitted by dirty
needles or mishandling of bodily fluids); and TB (tuberculosis, a lung disease that is usually transmitted
by coughing or sneezing).
Chemical Hazard - ANSWER A substance that an employee regularly handles, or which is present in the
work environment, which can cause illness or death. Toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, explosives,
and disease-causing contaminants such as coal dust are all examples of chemical hazards.
Physical Hazard - ANSWER A condition, design flaw, or unsafe object that poses a risk to employees'
safety or health. There are three principal types of physical hazards. Ergonomic hazards* are caused by
repeated or unnatural motion and can lead to musculoskeletal injuries or conditions, such as carpal
tunnel syndrome. Tangible hazards* are unsafe objects, conditions, or procedures that can cause an
accident or another safety hazard in the workplace. Stress hazards arise from extreme emotional or
physical stress and can lead to anxiety, panic attacks, exhaustion, and heart problems.
Safety Data Sheet - ANSWER Document that describes a chemical substance; OSHA standards require
that employers provide SDS documents for every chemical substance workers may encounter at a
workplace.
