Explore the morphology, serotypes, and classification of Salmonella species, including S. enterica and S. typhi.
Gain insight into the modes of transmission, reservoirs, and global public health significance of Salmonella infections.
Detailed explanation of how Salmonella invades the host, it...
Enterobacteriaceae: Genus - Salmonella
27 October 2020 22:13
The Enterobacteriaceae: Genus Salmonella
Genus Salmonella Classification:
Salmonella classification in the 21st century is complex. There are only two species within the genus
salmonella which are: Salmonella bongori and salmonella enterica. It is within the enterica where
most of the human pathogens reside. Salmonella enterica is divided into 7 sub-species and from
there the species are divided up until 2,600 serovars (species with different antigenic properties).
99% of human and animal infections (typhoidal salmonella in human, and non-typhoidal salmonella
in human and animals )come from subspecies 1 of the salmonella enterica.
Typhoid salmonella infections:
- Typhoid fever - S.typhi
- Paratyphoid fever - S.paratyphi, S.paratyphi deltaTer, S. paratyphi C
Non-typhoid salmonella infections:
- Gastroenteritis
Self-limiting (non-invasive):
○ S.Typhimurium
○ S.Enteritidis + 1500 others
Bacteraemia (invasive):
○ S.Typhimurium
○ S.Enteritidis
○ S.Dublin
○ S.Virchow
○ S.Heidelberg
- Extra-intestinal
Focal Infection:
○ S.Choleraesuis
○ S.Typhisuis
○ S.Typhimurium
○ S.Enteritidis
○ S.Dublin
Bacteraemia:
○ S.Choleraesuis
○ S.Typhisuis
○ S.Typhimurium
○ S.Enteritidis
○ S.Dublin
○ S.Virchow
○ S.Heidelberg
○ S.Bovismorbificans
The split in typhoidal and non-typhoidal is based on the disease syndrome. Typhoid and paratyphoid
fever is prolonged whilst extra-intestinal infections is usually acute and metastatic (spreadable)
gastroenteritis is characterised by diarrhoea.
Salmonella enterica subspecies are enterica serovar Typhimurium ------> Salmonella
Typhimurium --------> S. Typhimurium
Genera Salmonella: General characteristics:
• Non-lactose fermenter (E. coli ferments lactose but Shigella does not)
• Indole test negative (E. coli positive; Shigella variable)
Various selective medias can distinguish Salmonella from E.coli/ Shigella by:
H₂S (hydrogen sulphide) production
Acid production during carbohydrate fermentation e.g. XLD media, SS media
XLD media:
• E.coli - Yellow colonies
E-Salmonella Page 1
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