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CMN 568 Exam 3 Asthma #1 Questions And Answers With Latest Updates
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CMN 568 Exam 3 Asthma #1 Questions And Answers With Latest Updates
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CMN 568 Exam 3 Asthma #1 Questions And AnswersWith Latest Updates
Asthma essential of diagnosis ANS - Episodic or chronic symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea, or cough
- Symptoms frequently worse at night or in the early morning
- Prolonged expiration and diffuse wheezes on physical exam
- Limitation of airflow on PFT or positive bronchoprovocation challenge
- Reversibility of airflow obstruction either spontaneously or following bronchodilator tx
Asthma characteristics ANS - Bronchoconstriction
- Airway inflammation
- Reversible airflow limitation
Plays a central role in allergic asthma ANS IgE
Promotes eosinophilic inflammation ANS IL-5
Asthma Predisposing Factors ANS - Genetic predisposition (family hx or allergies, asthma)
- Obesity is the 2nd leading cause
- Atopy is strongest predictor of asthma (genetic tendency to develop allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis,
asthma, and
atopic dermatitis - eczema)
- Tobacco exposure (2nd hand smoke in kids)
- RSV or other viruses during infancy
Asthma prevalence ANS - More common in male children (<14yr) and in female adults
- Highest hospitalization rates are in blacks and children
- Highest death rates are in blacks (ages 15-24yr old)
Asthma S/S ANS - Episodic wheezing
- Difficulty breathing
, - Chest tightness
- Cough
- Excess sputum production (common)
- Frequency of attacks is variable
- May occur spontaneously or exacerbated by triggers
- Symptoms worse at night (3-4am)
Asthma physical exam ANS - Nasal mucosal swelling
- Increased secretions
- Polyps (allergic asthma)
- Eczema
- Atopic dermatitis
- Other allergic skin dx
Wheezing or prolonged expiratory phase
during normal breathing ANS Means the presence of airflow obstruction
Severe asthma attack S/S ANS - Only diagnostic clue on auscultation is globally diminished breath sounds
(absent wheeze)
- Use of accessory muscles of respiration (nasal flaring and retractions)
Asthma triggers ANS - Common allergens (house dust mites, seasonal pollens, cockroaches, cat dander)
- Exercise, postnasal drip, aspiration, GERD, stress, URI, rhinosinusitis, exposure to cold air
- Exposure to tobacco, crack cocaine, meth
- Air pollution
- Aspirin/NSAIDs/Tartrazine Dye
- Various agents in workplace (occupational)
- Catamenial (women; occurs at predictable times during menstrual cycle)
- Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
- Wheezing due to decompensated HF
- Cough-variant (cough is present instead of wheezing)
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