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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGYEXAM 2 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
function of plasma proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSosmotic pressure, antibody,
and blood clots
erythrocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERScontain hemoglobin, life span of about
120 days
erythropoietin - CORRECT-ANSWERSproduced in the kidney, stimulates
erythrocyte production
3 steps of blood clotting (hemostasis) - CORRECT-ANSWERS1.
vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3. coagulation
mechanism
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - CORRECT-ANSWERSprogressive
tissue degeneration and obstruction in the airways of the lungs
systemic circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSexchange of gases, nutrients, and
wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation - CORRECT-ANSWERSgas exchange in the lungs
cellulitis (erysipelas) - CORRECT-ANSWERSInfection of the dermis and subQ:
usually arising from an injury, furuncle, or ulcer: caused by staph aureus or
streptococcus. Occurs in lower trunk and legs-->red, swollen, painful streaks
along lymph vessels. Tx-antibiotics and analgesics
Tinea - CORRECT-ANSWERSinfection of the skin caused by a fungus
(mycoses), tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), tinea pedis (athlete's
foot), tinea unguium (toe nails)-->pruritus or burning sensation, Tx-topical
anti fungal medications.
status astmaticus - CORRECT-ANSWERSpersistent severe attack of asthma,
medical emergency
Contact dermatitis - CORRECT-ANSWERSInflammation of the skin caused by
exposure with an allergen, or direct chemical or mechanical irritation of skin.
, Erythematous (reddened area), edematous (swollen area), can be pruritic or
painful. Tx-remove stimulus, topical glucocorticoids/steroids.
Urticaria (hives) - CORRECT-ANSWERSallergic reaction of the skin
characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or
hives
Pediculosis (lice) - CORRECT-ANSWERSPediculus capitis (head), pedicures
corporis (body), pediculus pubis (pubis). White eggs (nits) on hair shaft with
itchy scalp. Light brown mites cause macule or papule formation, highly
pruritic. Medicine/insecticide to kill them, fine tooth comb as well.
Respiratory problems (interventions) - CORRECT-ANSWERSPositioning,
Oxygen Therapy, Breathing exercises, Spirometry, Pain management...
Tuberculosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSA highly contagious disease caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily infects the lungs.
Spread in oral droplets therefore in overcrowding, homeless, and
immunocompromised. Anorexia, malaise, fatigue and weight loss, purulent
sputum usually contains blood. Usually held at bay with cell mediated
immunity, checked with Mantoux skin test (hypersensitivity IV) Tubercle is a
granuloma with bacteria inside. Compromised as we age. Cavitation causes
hemoptysis b/c of blood vessel erosion.
Cystic Fibrosis (mucoviscidosis, affects children) - CORRECT-ANSWERSA
recessive genetic disorder; characterized by an excessive secretion of mucus
(obstructs passages in lungs and pancreas, lack of enzymes) and consequent
vulnerability to infection; fatal if untreated. Cor pulmonale (right side
congestive heart failure), malabsorption/malnutrition. Sweat test.
RICE - CORRECT-ANSWERSRest, Ice, Compression, Elevation (for
inflammation)
Histoplasmosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSpulmonary infection caused by the
fungus Histoplasma capsulatum,, spores can be inhaled on dust. Common
opportunistic infection.
COPD (emphysema) - CORRECT-ANSWERSGroup of chronic respiratory
disorders. Irreversible damage to lungs, ex. emphysema (large permanently
inflated alveolar air spaces) loss of surface area for exchange, loss of elastic
fibers. air trapping so inefficient. Barrel chest, hypercapnia, hypoxia is
driving force of respiration. "Pink puffer"
COPD (chronic bronchitis) - CORRECT-ANSWERSChanges in bronchi from
constant irritation (smoking or industrial pollution). Hypertrophy/hyperplasia
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