Symptoms - CORRECT-ANSWERSwhat the patient says is happening to them
(CH 1)Dysplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERSout of order/looks weird - are unable to
differentiate the size/shape of cells properly - precancerous
Anaplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERSworse than dysplasia (even more out of
order)
Neoplasia - CORRECT-ANSWERSNew growth (could be benign and is just
multiplying too fast but still OK) or malignant (BAD)
Prognosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSprobability of recovery
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT-ANSWERSTYPE I (ALLERGIC
REACTIONS)
,-exposure to an allergen
-igE mediated
manifestations: itching, swelling, sneezing, hives
complication: anaphylaxis
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT-ANSWERSTYPE II (CYTOTOXIC
HYPERSENSITIVITY)
reaction to a cell surface antigen (IgG or IgM mediated)
activation of complement system
results in: phagocytosis, lysis and destruction of the cell
manifestations: depends on disorder it causes
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT-ANSWERSTYPE III (IMMUNE COMPLEX)
antigen and antibody combine (forms an immune complex)
activates complement system (inflammation)
deposits in tissue, blood vessels walls
tissue and blood vessel destruction
manifestations: depend on the disorder it causes
Hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT-ANSWERSTYPE IV (CELL MEDIATED OR
DELAYED)
delayed response - sensitized T lymphocytes reaction to an antigen
results in: release of lymphokines, inflammatory response, destruction of
antigen
manifestations: delayed inflammation, depend on disorder it causes
autoimmune disorders - CORRECT-ANSWERSimmune system cannot
distinguish between self and non self antigens
exact cause unknown
manifestations: depend on type of autoimmune disease
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - CORRECT-ANSWERSchronic
autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal
organs
exact cause unknown
genetic, hormonal, environmental
patho: large circulating immune complexes, complement system activated
manifestations: depends on body systems affected
immunodeficiency - CORRECT-ANSWERScompromised ability to fight
infection
patho: partial or total loss of functions of one or more components of the
immune system
increased risk of infection and cancer
types: primary and secondary
manifestations: primary and secondary
, Immunodeficincies (HIV) - CORRECT-ANSWERSprimarily affects the CD4 t-
helper lymphocytes
HIV positive
manifestations: first phase, second/latent phase, acute phase
AIDS - CORRECT-ANSWERSA serious (often fatal) disease of the immune
system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or
contaminated needles.
stage of active infection
diagnosis of AIDS based on: CD4 count, presence of opportunistic infections
(CH 20) Neoplasm characteristics - CORRECT-ANSWERScellular growth - look
for this [dramatic rates]
cells are not listening - they are doing whatever they want and when it is not
required
selfish - they take nutrients from cells that need it
they contains immature or not typical cells
benign tumor - CORRECT-ANSWERSA mass of abnormal cells with specific
genetic and cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving
at a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumor's origin.
"YOU'LL BE OKAY"
growing in a capsule and slowly
rare to have a negative effect
only life threatening in certain locations - like the brain
otherwise they don't move
maligant tumor - CORRECT-ANSWERSabnormally dividing cells that can
spread through-out the body and are life threating (cancer)
grow with NO capsule and very fast
invades nearby tissue
definitely life threatening 100%
carcinogenesis - CORRECT-ANSWERSprocess of cells becoming cancerous
environment - CORRECT-ANSWERSsun, radiation
genetics - CORRECT-ANSWERSmutation of genes (shape/size/position) -
breast colon cancers - dysplasia
infection - CORRECT-ANSWERSover time they change
chemicals - CORRECT-ANSWERSfactories/air/food color
age - CORRECT-ANSWERSthe older we get, the easier we get this stuff
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