ADULT HEALTH 2 FINAL EXAM / NR 325 ADULT
HEALTH 2 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM COMPLETE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION|ALREADY GRADED A+
What is a heart attack? - ANSWERMyocardial infarction; lack of oxygen to the heart
resulting in muscles death
Left sided heart failure is an indicator of ? - ANSWERPleural effusion
What is Angina Pectoris? - ANSWER-spasmodic, cramplike, choking feeling in the
breast or chest area
-thoracic pain and choking feeling caused by decreased oxygen or anoxia of the
myocardium.
Atherosclerosis is the most common cause.
- myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply, ischemia occurs, resulting in chest
pain or angina.
-occurs with an increased cardiac workload brought on by exposure to intense cold,
exercise, unusually heavy meals, emotional stress, or any other strenuous activity.
What is unstable angina? - ANSWERan unpredictable and transient episode of severe
and prolonged discomfort that appears at rest. Red flag that an MI will occur.
What are the clinical manifestations of Angina pectoris? - ANSWER-pain as a
heaviness or tightness of the chest (like indigestion)
-substernal or retrosternal pain which may radiate to other sites (inner left arm to the
little finger, upward to the shoulder and jaw, pressure or a squeezing sensation, but
usually not as a sharp pain)
-Nitroglycerin usually relieves angina symptoms but does not relieve the pain from a MI.
What are diagnostic tests for Angina Pectoris? - ANSWER-ECG or Holter monitoring
-exercise stress test
-Thallium 201 scanning and PET
-Coronary angiography
What is medical management for Angina Pectoris? - ANSWER-aspirin (ASA), first
choice
-for Pts who don't tolerate aspirin well give ticlopidine/Ticlid or clopidogrel (Plavix)
,what is hypovolemic anemia? - ANSWERsecondary anemia caused by significant blood
loss of 1000mL or more
what are the S/S of hypovolemic anemia? - ANSWERrestlestness, rise in resp rate,
weakness, stupor, pallor, shock
-increased HR
-decreased BP
-rapid respirations
-pallor
-oliguria (low urine output)
-LOC
what is the medical management of hypovolemic anemia? - ANSWER-treat for shock
-O2
-fluid volume replacement with IV saline
-packed RBC's given
what is pernicous anemia? - ANSWERautoimmune disease in which antibodies in the
parietal walls of stomach prevent production of intrinsic factor which is necessary in the
growth and maturity of all body cells including RBC's in bone marrow
what are the signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia? - ANSWERweakness,
dyspnea, fever and hypoxia
-jaundice
-pallor
what are the subjective and objective signs of pernicious anemia? - ANSWERsub:
neurologic symptoms of tingling in hands and feet with loss of sense of body position
obj: erythematous tongue with infection of teet and gums
what are the diagnostic tests for pernicious anemia? - ANSWER-schillings test
-gastric analysis
-serum megaloblastic anemia profile
what is the medical management of pernicious anemia? - ANSWERvitamin B12
injections monthly for life
-if untreated, can lead to death in 1-3 yrs
what is iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWERcondition where RBC's contain decreased
levels of hemoglobin
what is the most common cause of iron deficinecy anemia? - ANSWER-inadequate
dietary intake
-malabsorption
-blood loss
,-hemolysis
what are the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia? - ANSWERpallor and
glossitis (tongue inflamation)
-fatigue
-weakness
-shortness of breath
-angina and heart failure
what are the sub and obj sings of iron deficient anemia? - ANSWERsub
glossitis (large tongue)
pagophagia (ice eating)
headache
parasthesia
burning of tongue
obj:
pallor
tachycardia
fragile fingernails and clubbing
what is the medical management of iron deficient anemia? - ANSWER-admin iron salts
(ferrous sulfate)
-oral or injection of iron
-eat food such as meat, fish, pultry, eggs and green leafy veggies
-Z trach method of dextran (DexFerrum) IM or Venofor IV
what is sickle cell anemia? - ANSWERmost common genetic disorder affecting black
population
-crescent shaped RBC containing a defective hemoglobin molecule that leads to
occlusion and ischemia in distal blood vessels called "sickling"
what are the clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia? - ANSWERseen within 10-12
weeks of life and pt can be asymptomatic until crisis occurs.
-infection
-pneumonia
-abd elargement with pooling of blood in liver, spleen
-jaundice
-fatigue
-aching joints of hands and feet due to tissue ischemia
-deep gnawing and throbbing pain with edema in extremities
what are the diagnostic tests for sickle cell anemia> - ANSWERelectrophoresis of
hemoglobin shows antigen
-H/H is low
-WBC's are high
-may be joint deformities
, what is the medical management for sickle cell anemia? - ANSWERdirected toward
alleviating symptoms
-pain reliever (morphine)
-rest
-antibiotics (if due to infection)
-reduce behaviors that induce a sickle crisis
what is a dysrhythmia? - ANSWERrefers to any cardiac rhythm that deviates from the
normal sinus rhythm
-normal is 60-100bpm
what are the 8 types of cardiac dysrhythmias? - ANSWER1. Sinus tachycardia
2. Sinus bradycardia
3. Supraventricular tachycardia
4. Atrial fibrillation
5. Atrioventricular block
6. Premature ventricular contraction
7. Ventricular tachycardia
8. Ventricular fibrillation
what is sinus tachycardia? - ANSWERa rapid, regular rhythm originating for the SA
node and is characterized by a heart rate of 100-150bpm
-can be due to anxiety, fever, shock, HF, meds, excessive caffeine, drugs, and tobacco
use
-S/S: occasional palpitations, hypotension, angina
what is sinus bradycardia? - ANSWERa slow rhythm originating in the SA node and is
characterized by a pulse rate of less than 60bpm
-can be due to sleep, vomiting, intracranial tumors, MI, drugs, hypothermia
-SS: fatigue, lightheaded, syncope
what is supraventricular tachycardia? - ANSWERthe sudden onset of a rapid heart beat
that originates in the atria and is characterized by a pulse rate of 150-250bpm
-can be due to drugs, alcohol, mitral valve prolapse, stress, smoking and hormone
imbalance
-S/S: palpitations, lightheaded, dyspnea, and anginal pain
what is atrial fibrillation? - ANSWERelectrical activity in the atria that is disorganized
causing the atria to quiver rather than contract as a unit. is a very rapid production of
atrial impulses
- can be due to cardiac surgery, longstanding hypertension, pulmonary embolism,
artherosclerosis, mitral valve disease, HF, cardiomyopathy, congenital abnormalities,
and COPD
-S/S: pulse deficit, palpitation, dyspnea, angina, lightheaded, fatigue, pulmonary edema
-CAN CAUSE CLOTS
