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NUR 376 PNEUMONIA + ASPIRATION TEST WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
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NUR 376 PNEUMONIA + ASPIRATION TEST WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
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NUR 376: PNEUMONIA +ASPIRATION TEST WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2024
What is pneumonia?
inflammation of the lung tissue caused by microorganisms,
including bacteria, myobacteria, fungi, and viruses
What is the risk factors for pneumonia?
advanced age; no pneumococcal or influenza vaccine; chronic lung
disease; immunocompromised; smoking
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What are the clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
chills, fever, pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia,
respiratory distress, increased in WBCs, headache, myalgia,
crackles, purulent sputum, decreased O2 saturation
What is assessed for pneumonia?
,vital signs; physical assessment and 8 dimensions; secretions;
cough; tachypnea, SOB; inspect and auscultate chest; changes in
mental status, fatigue, edema, dehydration
What vital signs are assessed for pneumonia?
increased temperature, decreased SpO2, increased RR, pain in
muscles used for coughing
What is assessed about secretions for pneumonia?
color, consistency, amount, odor
What is assessed about cough for pneumonia?
dry versus productive; bloody; color; frequency; severity;
impairment
How is pneumonia diagnosed?
infection seen on chest x-ray; blood culture; sputum culture and
sensitivity; bronchoscopy for acute severe infection
What is the planning for pneumonia?
improved airway patency; increased activity; maintenance of proper
fluid volume; maintenance of adequate nutrition; understanding of
the treatment protocol and preventive measures; absence of
complications such sepsis and respiratory failure
What are some interventions for pneumonia?
sit the patient up; fluids; nasal cannula; activity; antibiotics;
productive coughing
What are the expected outcomes for pneumonia interventions?
improved airway patency; rests and conserves energy and then
slowly increases activities; maintains adequate hydration and
dietary intake; verbalizes increased knowledge about management
strategies; complies with management strategies; exhibits no
complications
How can pneumonia be prevented?
pneumococcal vaccine and influenza vaccine; proper hand washing
What is aspiration?
inhalation of foreign material into the lungs; serious complication of
pneumonia
, What does aspiration pneumonia result from?
entry of substances into the lower airway
What is the most common form of aspiration pneumonia?
from aspiration of bacteria that normally resides in the upper
airways
How can aspiration lead to pneumonia?
it may impair the lung defenses, causing inflammatory changes, and
leading to bacterial growth and resulting pneumonia
What are the risk factors for aspiration?
seizure activity; brain injury; decreased LOC; flat body position;
stroke; dysphagia
What is assessed for aspiration?
auscultation of lung sounds for crackles and decreased lung sounds;
clinical picture
What clinical symptoms can be seen in aspiration?
tachycardia, dyspnea, central cyanosis, hypertension, hypotension
(late), and potential death
What interventions prevent aspiration?
no straw; sitting up; small bites; thickened liquids; chewing
thoroughly; don't talk while eating; sedatives sparingly; confirm NG
placement before feeding
Ileostomy
loop of small intestine (stoma) brought out onto surface of the skin
- watery discharge with many digestive enzymes
Colostomy
loop of large intestine (stoma) brought out onto surface of the skin
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