Exam (elaborations)

National Dental Hygiene Board Review Questions and Answers.

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National Dental Hygiene

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National Dental Hygiene

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Uploaded on October 22, 2024
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board review questions and

Institution National Dental Hygiene
Course National Dental Hygiene

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National Dental Hygiene Board Review Questions and
Answers.

by when does the primitive mouth (stomodeum) forms? - Correct Answer by the end of the
third week

name for the primitive form of connective tissue? - Correct Answer mesenchyme

what is Meckels cartilage? - Correct Answer bilateral cartilaginous bar formed by brachial
arch I to support the mandibular arch until it is replaced by bone of the mandible

the median nasal process produces a bulge known as the globular process, what does this
form? - Correct Answer the center of the upper lip (philtrum) and the premaxilla

what is the critical period for movement and complete fusion of the lateral palentine
process and the premaxilla? failure of this fusion produces what deformity? - Correct
Answer 8-12 weeks in utero. failue produces cleft palate (more common in girls)

how many weeks in utero does the tongue begin to form from the anterior wall of the
primitive throat and protrudes upward and anteriorly? - Correct Answer at 4 weeks in utero

from what brachial arch (s) does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the posterior 1/3 of the
tongue derive? - Correct Answer anterior 2/3= brachial arch I (later from chorda timpani
branched from facial nerve VII)
posterior 1/3= brachial arch II and III (later from the hypoglossal nerve IX)

T/F epithelium has its own bloods supply? - Correct Answer F= epithelium gains its
nutrients and blood supply from blood vessels located in the underlying CT

where does melanin (pigment granules) originate from? - Correct Answer from
melanocytes located in the basal layer

stratified squamous epithelium is composed of what three types ? - Correct Answer 1. non
keratonized
2. keratonized
3. parakeratonized

,what are the two layers that compose the nonkeratinized layer in stratified squamous
epithelium? - Correct Answer 1. basal- melanin present
2. prickle- cells are star shaped

what are the four layers that compose the keratinized
(orthokeratized) layer in the stratified squamous epithelium? - Correct Answer 1. basal
2. prickle
3. granular (stratum granulosum)- cells are filled with keratohyaline granules (chemical
precursor to keratin). Nuclei cells show degeneration, but are NOT DEAD
4. keratinized (stratum corneum)- cells contain no nuclei and ARE DEAD ). examples-
soles of feet, palms of hands and calluses.

what are the three main layers that compose the parakeratinized layer in the stratified
squamous epithelium? - Correct Answer 1. basal
2. prickle
3. keratinized- GRANULAR LAYER DOES NOT FORM IN THIS TYPE OF EPITHELIUM.
keratinized layer contains cells which NUCLEI ARE ALIVE.

T/F gingiva is keratinized? - Correct Answer F= gingiva is parakeratinized. divded into: free
and attached.

T/F sulcus, col, and JE, and alveolar mucosa are non-keratinized? - Correct Answer True

keratinized or not keratonized?
1. dorsum of the tongue
2. taste buds
3. bud around taste pore - Correct Answer 1.Keratonized
2.non- keratonized
3.keratonized

T/F gingiva has a submucosa? - Correct Answer False

Most abundant papillae and has velvety appearance? - Correct Answer filliform papillae

,mushroom shaped, appear redder and are responsible for taste? - Correct Answer
fungiform papillae

Duct of small, serous glands of Von Ebner open through this portion of the tongue? -
Correct Answer circumvallate

what is the function of the Von Ebner duct located on the circumvallate papillae? - Correct
Answer to wash the papillae clean and allow them to perceive new taste buds.

what is the location of the alveolar crest? - Correct Answer 1.5-2.mm below the CEJ

collagen fibers from the PDL, which are attached on one side to cementum covering the
root and the other side to the cribiform plate. this attachment holds the tooth firmly in the
alveoulus. - Correct Answer sharpeys fibers

what two fluids compose saliva? - Correct Answer 1. serous
2. mucous

what enzyme is present in the serous fluid of saliva and what is its function? - Correct
Answer ptyalin, its function is for digestion of starches

what is the approximate pH of saliva? - Correct Answer 6.0-7.0

saliva produced by the parotid gland is what type of fluid? - Correct Answer serous

what duct is located in the parotid gland? where is it located? - Correct Answer Stensen's
duct. located opposite the maxillar molars (second molar)

what nerve divides in the stensen's duct and emerges as five main branches? - Correct
Answer facial nerve (VIII)

parotitis? - Correct Answer mumps, VIRAL infection of the parotid glands

what are the three major salivary glands? - Correct Answer 1. parotid
2. submandibular

, 3. sublingual

which salivary gland produces the most saliva? - Correct Answer submandibular

what duct is located at the submandibular gland? where is it located? - Correct Answer
Wharton's duct, located at small papillae in the sublingual caruncle

what type of saliva fluid is created by the submandibular gland? - Correct Answer mixed,
80% serous and 20% mucous

what is the sublingual gland duct (smallest of the three major gland) and where is it
located? - Correct Answer Bartholin's duct located at the caruncle

what type of saliva fluid does the sublingual duct create? - Correct Answer mucous

what is the origin of enamel? - Correct Answer ectoderm

the thickening oral epithelium is known as? - Correct Answer primary dental lamina (grows
from underlying mesenchyme)

what is the name of the phase where the formation of tooth germs also called enamel
organs are created? - Correct Answer initiation phase (bud)

what three parts make up a tooth germ? - Correct Answer 1. enamel organ- made from
ectoderm and ectomesenchyme *enamel*
2. dental papilla- made from enderlying mesenchyme *dentin and pulp*
3. dental sac- converts into PDL, which produces cementum of the tooth and also bone of
the tooth socket *lamina dura*

in the stage where the enamel organ begins to acquire a cap shape, what are the three
distinct layers that become visible? - Correct Answer 1. inner enamel epi.- cells become
ameloblast and make enamel
2. outter enamel epi.- functions are a barrier or protection
3. stellate reticulum- allows vascular fluids to move between cells (star shaped)

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