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Sociology 1010 Exam 3 University of Utah updated questions and answers.
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Sociology 1010 Exam 3 University of Utah updated questions and answers.
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Sociology 1010 Exam 3University of Utah updated
questions and answers
A ______ response to the question of why there has been a significant
increase in the number of high school and college graduates in the
United States over the past century might point tot he simple rules
of supply and demand - a need for a more educated workforce
encouraged more people to stay in school longer. - answer Recall
that functionalism is the theory that various social institutions and
processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary)
function to keep society running. In this case, functionalists believe
that industrialization influenced a need for more technical jobs,
which required a more educated workforce (p. 512).
Affirmative Action has been found to affect the makeup of the
student body primarily at what type of U.S. colleges and
universities? - answer Elite Institutions. Affirmative action only
significantly affects selective, elite institutions, which represent
one-fifth of American colleges (p. 517).
What is a true statement about changes in the boy-girl achievement
gap during the past 30 years? - answer In recent years, girls have
caught up to (or outperform) boys in many measures of educational
achievement. For example, they outperform boys in national reading
and writing tests, attend college in higher numbers, and are more
likely to graduate high school. Nevertheless, boys still score higher
than girls on every AP test (except foreign language) and on the
math and critical reading sections of the SAT. In recent decades,
however, boys from lover-class backgrounds have been performing
worse (p. 528).
______ refers to the knowledge and skills that make someone more
productive and bankable. - answer Human capital includes
,knowledge and skills that make people more productive and
bankable. Investing in your education is investing in your human
capital (p. 498).
What is an example of what Phillip Jackson called the "hidden
curriculum" in schools? - answer The hidden curriculum is the
nonacademic socialization and training that takes place in the
schooling system, such as learning not to talk when another person
is talking (p. 498).
According to conflict theorists, what explains the increase in
educational levels in the United States? - answer As the education
system expands, people seek additional degrees in order to
maintain the elite status accorded to people with education. Since
colonial times, education has been a badge of elite status in the
United States. In order to maintain that elite status in an expanded
educational system, people have to obtain more and more education
to set themselves apart from others, which also helps explain
credentialism (p. 513).
______ is the fear that one's behavior will confirm an existing
stereotype of a group with which one identifies. - answer
Stereotype that occurs when members of a negatively stereotyped
group are placed in a situation where they fear they may confirm
those stereotypes (p. 526).
What is tracking? - answer Tracking is a way of dividing students
into different classes according to their abilities or future plans. For
example, some students are sorted into honors courses. Remember,
however, that while research has shown that tracking has significant
impacts, it also may reproduce inequality (p. 505).
What were the findings of the Coleman Report, and why were they
surprising? - answer The coleman Report, which was conducted in
1964, found that differences in resources between schools didn't
influence achievement gaps. Rather, differences in achievement
,among schools depended primarily on students' family background
and their classmates (p. 502).
Research shows that the closer in age siblings are, the more they
compete for family resources, ______ - answer Which negatively
impacts their educational outcomes because the receive
comparatively less attention. If children are spaced closer together,
there is more competition for the same resources at the same time.
These resources include economic resources as well as attention
and other resources tied to interaction with parents (p. 530).
The achievement gap between black and white students decreases
significantly when students from similar socioeconomic background
are compared. What does this tell us about the connection between
race, class, and educational outcomes? - answer Much of the
achievement gap can be attributed to class (p. 524).
Socioeconomic status is a combined measure of an individual's
economic and social position relative to others, based on any
combination of which of the following groups of elements? - answer
Socioeconomic status, or social class, is based on any combination
of parental educational attainment, parental occupational status,
family income, and family wealth. Students whose parents have
higher measures of any of these four measures generally have
better educational opportunities (p. 520).
Affirmative action can best be defined as ______ - answer a set of
policies that grant preferential treatment to a number of particular
subgroups within the population. As we saw in Chapter 9,
affirmative action is a set of policies that grant preferential
treatment to a number of particular subgroups within the
population - typically women and historically disadvantaged
minorities (p. 517).
What are the two primary functions of schools? - answer to
educate and socialize them (p. 497).
, The ability to deal with bureaucracies and confidence in public
social settings allow Liam's parents to be actively involved in the
Parent Teacher Association at his school. These traits are an
example of ______ - answer Cultural capital is symbolic and
interactional resources that people use to their advantage in
various situations. In this case, cultural capital is embodied in the
ability to deal with bureaucracies and confidence in the public
school system (p. 521).
Letica, a high school student who has been in remedial math classes
for years, changes schools and is placed in a regular math class. She
is sure she will fail and tries to switch classes, but the remedial
class is full. Her new math teacher encourages Leticia and tells her
she shows promise with math skills. Halfway through the semester,
Lticia is surprised to find that she is doing well in the class. This
scenario is an example of ______ - answer The Pygmalion effect, or
self-fulfilling prophecy, is the process that occurs when behavior is
modified to meet preexisting expectations. In the context of
education, researchers have proposed that teachers' expectations
may influence students' behavior (p. 510).
The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was originally created for what
purpose? - answer The SAT was originally created at Harvard
University, which sought to cast a wider net than the handful of
elite private schools that provided its undergraduate population.
The SAT was supposed to provide an objective evaluation and allow
students who attended public schools the chance to show they were
just as "able" as private school students. However, the SAT is biased
toward certain groups of students (p. 516).
Studies show that when low-achieving students are placed in a class
with mostly high-acheving students, their academic performance
tends to improve. This is an example of the importance of ______. -
answer The Pygmalion effect. Research has found that peer-to-
peer dynamics also affect educational outcomes. However, this
effect goes both ways; in other words, some research has shown
that when high-achieving students are placed in classes with mostly
low-achieving students, they make fewer gains (p. 511).
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