Nur 242: Neuro Exam 1
The development of gross visual ability to recognize objects, perform
purposeful eye movements, and color recognition occur during the
__________ year of life - correct answer ✔first
_________ is fully developed at birth - correct answer ✔hearing
infants have a well-developed sense of - correct answer ✔touch
Older adults experience a decline in sensory fxn in ______ senses - correct
answer ✔all
1. Presbyopia
2. presbycusis - correct answer ✔1. age related far sightedness caused by
decrease elasticity of fibers in lens (loss of accommodation)
2. age related hearing loss caused by changed in inner ear or nerve pathways
to brain; d/t earwax, TM atrophy, hair cell degeneration, ossicles calcify, brain
decreased ability to block unwanted sounds
Decreased ability to smell and distinguish btw smells typically starts at ______
yo - correct answer ✔60
decreased sense of taste is commonly r/t decrease sense of ... - correct
answer ✔smell
Decreased sensation can lead to... - correct answer ✔complications
(frostbite, burns, wounds)
,_________ eye disorders include cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment,
and macular degeneration (direct cause of eye change) - correct answer
✔Primary
___________ eye disorders may be caused by DM, HTN, Diabetic
retinopathy, and congenital cataracts. - correct answer ✔secondary
Ocular infection in 1st few weeks of life is _____ common among newborns.
Newborns receive erythromycin to prevent passing _______ from mom -
correct answer ✔increasingly; STDs
The most prevalent type of hearing loss is? - correct answer ✔sensorineural
changes in smell can be caused by _________, upper resp. infections, and
________ - correct answer ✔chemo tx; dementia
Problems with touch can be caused by injury or trauma to the ___ or spinal
cord, or by progression of comorbid disease (for ex. _____) - correct answer
✔head; diabetic neuropathy
the population at the highest r/f changes in sensory perception? - correct
answer ✔elderly
T or F: although congenital hearing loss is commonly the reason for problems
of the auditory system, > 50% of infants have no sig. risk factors - correct
answer ✔true
Ototoxicity from medications (ex. _____, _________) can result in permanent
or temporary inner ear problems that can affect hearing, balance, and ______.
- correct answer ✔Lasix, gentamicin; speech
,Taste disturbances can be caused by what drugs? - correct answer
✔antibiotics, anti-virals, antihypertensives, CCBs, diuretics
Paresthesias can be caused by what drugs - correct answer ✔antiseizure,
antineoplastic
Sensory Assessment:
1. Infants, when to start testing vision and what is used?
2. What is checked in infants regarding vision?
3. adult eye screening
4. infants hearing test
5. adults hearing test
6. numerator =
7. denominator =
8. ex. wht does 20/60 mean?
9. tonometry?
10. Hearing issues in children (s/s)? - correct answer ✔1. at 3 yo start with
snellen chart
2. eyetracing objects, PERRLA, external structures; at 6 mos cover test
3. less than or 40 yo done q 2yr; >60 done yearly
4. done w/in 48 h of birth, repeated in 1 mons if abnormal
5. only done when reports problems
6. distance that pt was standing at, always 20 ft
7. distance the average eye can read the same line
8. at 20 ft pt can see what the average person can see at 60 ft
9. measures pressure in eye by blowing air that slightly touches cornea
, 10. speech delay, trouble following directions, don't understand if speaking too
fast, cannot find the right words in convos
Cataract:
1. patho
2. etiology - correct answer ✔1. altered metabolic process within lens, leads
to accumulation of water and alterations in lens fiber structure = lens opacity
and vision changes (decreased visual acuity, scattered light)
2. usually age related (senile cataract), congenital factors like maternal
rubella, exposure to UV radiation, blunt/penetrating trauma, systemic
corticosteroids, ocular inflammation, and diabetes
Cataract: Health promotion
1. Prevention?
2. education regarding eye care
3. education regarding nutrition - correct answer ✔1. no proven way to
prevent
2. sunglasses to avoid unnecessary radiation
3. antioxidant vitamins like C & E
Cataract: Dx findings
1. H & P
2. visual acuity measurement
3. ophthalmoscopy & slit lamp microscopy
4. glare testing
5. Keratometry & A-scan (if sx indicated) - correct answer ✔1. c/o visual
dysfxn, glare, altered colors, white pupil
2. decreased
