ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
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1. What is the dif- -Simple: bacteria differ chemically from inner surround-
ference between ings and thus can be stained to contrast with their envi-
a simple and dif- ronment
ferential stain? -Differential: detects peptidoglycan, can distinguish be-
tween two bacteria
2. What does a differences in the composition of the cell wall (i.e. pepti-
Gram stain de- doglycan)
tect?
3. How does a by dying them a different color
gram stain differ-
entiate bacterial
cells?
4. What color is purple
a Gram-positive
organism?
5. What color is pink/red
a Gram-negative
organism?
6. What are the gram + has a thicker layer of peptidoglycan and no outer
principle differ- membrane
ences between - Gram + cells have Techoic Acids
a gram nega- -Antigenic determinants
tive and gram -Species identification
positive bacterial -Some (e.g. Mycobacterium) have Mycolic Acid (tuber-
cell? culum): waxy lipid, survive dessication, difficult to stain
(acid-fast stain)
gram - has a thinner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer
membrane, Gram - have an outer bilayer membrane
Outer portion is composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
lipid+sugar
Outer membrane allows for survival in harsh environ-
ments
The outer sugar portion is called the O antigen, an anti-
genic determinant.
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
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Lipid portion of LPS is called Lipid A, an Endotoxin (e.g.
E. coli)
Dead cells release lipid A, trigger fever, inflammation,
shock, blood clotting
7. What do peni- peptidoglycan layer
cillin antibiotics
act on with the
bacterial cell?
8. Are gram + or Gram - are usually harder to treat due to the outer mem-
gram - bacte- brane
ria more suscep- (many antibiotics target peptidoglycan layer-penicillin)
tible to penicillin making gram + more susceptible to penicillin than gram -
antibiotics? Why
don't they harm
eukaryotes?
9. What does an differentiates cells with a waxy cell wall that contain high
acid-fast stain amounts of mycolic acid (ex; mycobacterium and nocar-
detect? dia)
10. What color are red
acid-fast organ-
isms after stain-
ing with an
acid-fast stain?
11. How does an makes them appear red
acid-fast stain
differentiate bac-
terial cells?
12. Name an Mycobacterium
acid-fast organ- Nocardia
ism.
13. Is a Schaef- differential stain because the malachite green must be
fer-Fulton stain a driven with heat to penetrate cell walls because they are
differential stain impermeable to almost all chemicals
, ASU Penton MIC 205 Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_cqyiiw
or a simple
stain?
14. In a Schaef- uses heat to drive the primary stain, malachite green, into
fer-Fulton stain, the endospore
what has to
be done to the
proteins in the
cell membrane
in order to dri-
ve the primary
stain into the en-
dospore?
15. What is an en- a dormant, tough, and temporarily non-reproductive
dospore? structure produced by certain bacteria.
16. Why do bac- to survive in unfavorable enviorments
teria make en-
dospores?
17. What bacterial Bacillus is a type of bacteria that has endospores, which
group discussed is a concern for food processors. healthcare because it
in class is med- is resistant to treatment C. diff is a spore-forming G+
ically important anaerobic bacillus and produces 2 exotoxins. --> 2 toxins
and form en- : toxin A and toxin B-- colonoscopies
dospores? How
does this relate
to C. diff?
18. What does it Selective bacterial growth medium of every bacteria ex-
mean for a bacte- cept the bacteria that will grow on it.
rial growth medi-
um to be selec-
tive?
19. What does it allows the different bacteria to be differentiated.
mean for a bacte-
rial growth medi-
if a bacteria can use the nutrients in the substrate, an
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