Exam (elaborations)
NURS 8022 Module 3
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Exam of 9 pages for the course NURS 8022 Module 3 at NURS 8022 Module 3 (NURS 8022 Module 3)
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NURS 8022 Module 3What maintains the osmolarity and acid-base balance of the blood - -
Electrolytes and proteins
-Functions of blood - -provide nutrients to cells, provide oxygen for cellular
metabolism, removes by-products, carries the cells that protect the body
against infection and invading organisms
-3 groups of plasma proteins - -albumin, clotting factors (mostly fibrinogen),
lipoproteins (triglycerides, cholesterol, fatty acids)
-Albumin - -function as carrier and control plasma oncotic pressure
-serum - -plasma without clotting factors
-pluripotential cells - -in the bone marrow and can differentiate into major
blood cells (red, white, platelets)
-Erythrocytes - -red blood cells
-Leukocytes - -white blood cells
-Thrombocytes - -platelets
-Most abundant cells of the body - -erythrocytes
-Functions of Erythrocytes - -responsible for tissue oxygenation, contain
hemoglobin and carry gases and electrolytes, have biconcavity and
reversible deformity
-Life cycle of erythrocytes - -120 days, spleen replaces
-Normal platelet count - -150,000-400,000
-Platelets are formed from - -the fragmentation of megakaryocytes
-Platelets are produced, stored, and removed by what - -produced by the
bone marrow, stored and removed by the spleen
-life span of platelets - -5-9 days
-function of platelets - -essential for blood coagulation and the control of
bleeding
, -lymphoid organs - -sites of residence, proliferation, differentiation, and
function of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, link to the
hematologic and immune system
-primary lymphoid organs - -thymus and bone marrow
-secondary lymphoid organs - -Spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, and Peyer
Patches of the small intestine
-Hematopoiesis - -process of blood cell production in adult bone marrow or
in the liver/spleen of fetus
-2 stages of hematopoiesis - -Mitosis (proliferation) cells divide
Maturation (differentiation) cells mature
-bone marrow - -primary site of residence of hematopoietic stem cells, also
called myeloid tissue
-2 types of bone marrow - -red marrow (produce RBCs) and yellow marrow
(do not produce RBCs)
-Stem cell pool - -The product of self-renewal that maintains the number of
pluripotent stem cells and partially committed progenitor cells
-Bone marrow pool - --contains cells that are proliferating and maturing in
preparation for release into the circulation
-mature cells are stored for later release into the peripheral blood
-3 factors that increase Hematopoiesis - -(1) conversion of yellow bone
marrow, which does not produce blood cells, to hematopoietic red marrow by
the actions of erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates erythrocyte
production); (2) faster differentiation of progenitor cells; and (3) faster
proliferation of stem cells into progenitor cells
-Erythropoiesis - -production of red blood cells
-Erythrocytes derived from - -erythroblasts
-Erythrocyte maturation stimulated by - -erythropoietin
-how does a erythroid progenitor cell become an erythrocyte - -
erythropoietin stimulates progenitor cells into forming committed
proerythroblasts, then into normoblasts, into reticulocytes, into erythrocytes
-Erythropoietin - -hormone released from the kidney in response to low
renal oxygenation, produced in the peritubular interstitial cells of the kidney
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