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Pathophysiology exam 2|263 Accurate Q’s and A’s
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Pathophysiology exam 2|263 Accurate Q’s and A’s
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Pathophysiology exam 2|263Accurate Q’s and A’s
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in
which of the following fluid compartments? - -Intravascular fluid
-A 35-year-old male weighs 70 kg. Approximately how much of this weight is
ICF? - -42 L- the total volume of body water for a 70 kg person is about 42 L
(60%)
-While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly
are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n): - -
decreased muscle mass
-Which of the following patients should the nurse assess for a decreased
oncotic pressure in the capillaries? A patient with: - -liver failure
-Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined
by: - -osmotic forces
-An experiment was designed to test the effects of the Starling forces on
fluid movement. Which of the following alterations would result in fluid
moving into the interstitial space? - -Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
-When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the
principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance. - -Sodium
-A 70-year-old male with chronic renal failure presents with edema. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of this condition? - -Increased capillary
hydrostatic pressure
-A 10-year-old male is brought to the emergency room (ER) because he is
incoherent and semiconscious. CT scan reveals that he is suffering from
cerebral edema. This type of edema is referred to as: - -localized edema
-A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which
information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by: - -
increased plasma osmolality
-Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning
aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in: - -increased blood volume
, -A 25-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the
adrenal cortex. Which finding would the nurse expect to see in the lab
results? - -Decreased blood K+ levels
-A patient has been searching on the Internet about natriuretic hormones.
When the patient asks the nurse what do these hormones do, how should the
nurse respond? Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of: - -Sodium
-A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After
diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders
fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution.
Which of the following would be expected? - -Intracellular dehydration
-Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing
hypernatremia? A patient with: - -dehydration
-The most common cause of pure water deficit is: - -A. renal water loss
-Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are associated with: - -Hypertonic
hyponatremia
-A 52-year-old diabetic male presents to the ER with lethargy, confusion,
and depressed reflexes. His wife indicates that he does not follow the
prescribed diet and takes his medication sporadically. Lab results indicate
hyperglycemia. Which assessment finding is most likely to occur? - -
decreased sodium
-When taking care of a patient with hyperkalemia, which principle is priority?
Hyperkalemia causes a(n) _____ in resting membrane potential with _____
excitability of cardiac muscle. - -increase, increased
-Which of the following patients is most prone to hypochloremia? A patient
with: - -Increased bicarbonate intake
-Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for
hyperkalemia? - -Acute acidosis
-Which organ system should the nurse monitor when the patient has long-
term potassium deficits? - -kidneys
-A 42-year-old female presents to her primary care provider reporting
muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities. Laboratory tests indicate that
she is hypokalemic. Which of the following could be the cause of her
condition? - -Primary hyperaldosteronism
, -A 19-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting
restlessness, muscle cramping, and diarrhea. Lab tests reveal that he is
hyperkalemic. Which of the following could have caused his condition? - -
acidosis
-A 60-year-old female is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which assessment
finding should the nurse expect to observe? - -oliguria
-Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering
system? - -carbonic acid and bicarbonate
-A nurse recalls regulation of acid-base balance through removal or
retention of volatile acids is accomplished by the: - -lungs
-Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because carbonic acid and
bicarbonate exist in a ratio of: - -20:1
-Which patient is most prone to metabolic alkalosis? A patient with: - -
Excessive loss of chloride (Cl)
-Which patient should the nurse assess for both hyperkalemia and metabolic
acidosis? A patient diagnosed with: - -renal failure
-For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
- -hyperventilating
-Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis? - -
pneumonia
-A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive
tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal
decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings
help to confirm the diagnosis of: - -respiratory acidosis
-For a patient with respiratory acidosis, chronic compensation by the body
will include: - -Kidney excretion of H+
-A 55-year-old female presents to her primary care provider and reports
dizziness, confusion, and tingling in the extremities. Blood tests reveal an
elevated pH, decreased PCO2, and slightly decreased HCO3. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis? - -Respiratory alkalosis with renal
compensation
-Outcomes of laboratory tests include an elevated level of natriuretic
peptides. Which organ is the priority assessment? - -heart
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