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NUR 325 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) WEEK 9 | GUARANTEED A+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 325 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) WEEK 9 | GUARANTEED A+ ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NUR 325 Week 91. Heart failure
Answer
- Heart failure is associated with ventricular dysfunction (usually involves both ventricles)
- The ventricles have difficulty filling with blood/relaxation (diastole) and/ or contracting
(systole)
a) Used to be classified as systolic and diastolic HF
b) Also used to be called congestive HF Indicates there's always congestion w/ HF which isn't
true
2. Heart failure can result in
Answer
1. Decreased exercise tolerance
b/c heart isn't pumping effectively -> oxygen and nutrients aren't being delivered to the body
2. Decreased QOL
Answer
b/c it causes fatigue -> impacts ability to carry out ADLs
3. Shortened life expectancy Is improving w/ new treatment
3. Heart failure etiology
Answer
Top 2
1. Hypertension
2. Coronary artery disease
makes it more difficult to deliver O2 and nutrients -> weakens the heart muscle
,Others
3. Myocardial infarction
Answer
part of the myocardium has died -> weaker heart
4. Valvular heart disease
5. Cardiomyopathy
Answer
disease of heart muscle
4. Valvular heart disease and HF
Answer
Regurgitation of the valves (not all the blood gets through b/c of backflow, which makes extra
work for the hard to pump) or valvular stenosis (narrowed valve -> harder for blood to get
through)
5. Hypertension and HF
Answer
- Increased pressure throughout arteries -> heart has to pump harder against that pressure
- Also the biggest cause of left ventricular hypertrophy (thickened left ventricle wall b/c the
myocytes have hypertrophied b/c they've been working harder)
6. Risk factors for heart failure
Answer
1. Diabetes
relationship between insulin resistance and ventricular hypertrophy
- Also increases risk for CAD and hypertension
2. Smoking
, 3. Obesity
4. Dyslipidemia
Answer
high cholesterol levels
7. Ejection fraction
Answer
- EF = amount of blood pumped out by the left ventricle/amount of blood in chamber
- Compares the amount of blood in the heart to the amount of blood pumped out
- The fraction or percentages helps describe how well the heart is pumping blood to the body
8. Heart failure classification
Answer
1. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) = 50-70% pumped out during each
contraction + symptoms of HF
- 50-70% EF is normal but when symptoms occur, this means that there's a problem with the
ventricle relaxing (not relaxing enough for blood to be effectively pumped out)
2. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) = d40% is pumped out during each
contraction (symptoms may become noticeable even during rest)
3. Heart failure w/ a mid-range ejection fraction (HFmEF)
Answer
41-49% pumped out during each contraction
- On their way to developing reduced or preserved EF
9. HF compensatory mechanisms
Answer
- HF results in decreased CO, decreased BP, decreased SV
- The heart tries to compensate through
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