CH 20 - Ozone Depletion Exam Verified 2024
¥ Effluent and sludge issues - ANSWER-
¥ Examples of waterborne diseases - ANSWER-Milwaukee, WI Cryptosporidium
Contaminated drinking water 1993
400,000 sick, 100 died, suspect - manure or sewage
Wake up call, parasite resistant to chlorination, present in 65-97% of surface waters
Walkerton, ON E. Coli
Cow manure washed into system
Water wells contaminated
500 sick, 5 died
Boiling water kills the bacteria
¥ Ground water issues, contamination, salt intrusion, water reuse - ANSWER-
Groundwater pollution differs in several ways fromsurface-water pollution. Groundwater
often lacks oxygen,a situation that kills aerobic types of microorganisms(which require
oxygen-rich environments) but may pro- vide a happy home for anaerobic varieties
(which live in Groundwater Pollution oxygen-deficient environments)
Two major problems with the groundwaterin Nassau County are intrusion of saltwater
and shal-low-aquifer contamination.
Saltwater intrusion, where subsurface salty water migrates to wells being pumped,is a
problem in many coastal areas of the world.
The most serious groundwater problem on Long Island is shallow-aquifer pollution
associated with urban-ization. Sources of pollution in Nassau County includeurban
runoff, household sewage from cesspools and septictanks, salt used to de-ice
highways, and industrial andsolid waste. These pollutants enter surface waters andthen
migrate downward, especially in areas of intensivepumping and declining groundwater
levels
13 Renewable harvest - maximum sustainable yield - ANSWER-Relies on the inherent
nature of fish populations to replenish themselves based on their "surplus production" -
the natural ability for a population to compensate for increased mortality
Therefore, fisheries can maximize production by keeping the population at an
intermediate level (1/2 of carrying capacity).
Carrying Capacity : An abundance at which a population can sustain itself ( Births
=Deaths, Constant population)
19 Definitions and major issues of ground and surface water contamination - ANSWER-
Groundwater Pollution
Sources of contaminants:
Leaks from waste disposal sites and buried tanks and pipes; Seepage from agricultural,
industrial (including mining) and household activities;
Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers
, (Groundwater contamination is mostly a human health issue)
Surface Water Pollution
Water Pollutants are emitted from
Point Sources
Distinct, confined sources
Nonpoint Sources
Diffused and intermittent
(Surface water contamination leads to impaired use, and both wildlife and human health
issues)
Acid rain - sources, - formation - effects - sensitive ecosystems - ANSWER-When acid
rain falls, the acidic rainwater dissolves the nutrients and helpful minerals from the soil.
These minerals are then washed away before trees and other plants can use them to
grow. Not only does acid rain strip away the nutrients from the plants, they help release
toxic substance such as aluminum into the soil.
most lakes and streams have a pH level between six and eight. Some lakes are
naturally acidic even without the effects of acid rain
Acid rain does not only damage the natural ecosystems, but also man-made materials
and structures. Marble, limestone, and sandstone can easily be dissolved by acid rain.
Metals, paints, textiles, and ceramic can effortlessly be corroded. Acid rain can
downgrade leather and rubber.
Approaches to species conservation, problems with single species management plans -
ANSWER-
BOD - ANSWER-The amount of oxygen required for biochemical decomposition
processes is called the
biological or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
It measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microor-ganisms as they break down
organic matter within small water samples, which are analyzed in a laboratory.
Dead organic matter—which produces BOD—entersstreams and rivers from natural
sources (such as deadleaves from a forest) as well as from agricultural runoff and urban
sewage
When BOD is high, as suggested earlier, the
dissolved oxygen content of the water may become too low to sup-port life in the water.
Carrying capacity - limiting factors - ANSWER-
¥ Effluent and sludge issues - ANSWER-
¥ Examples of waterborne diseases - ANSWER-Milwaukee, WI Cryptosporidium
Contaminated drinking water 1993
400,000 sick, 100 died, suspect - manure or sewage
Wake up call, parasite resistant to chlorination, present in 65-97% of surface waters
Walkerton, ON E. Coli
Cow manure washed into system
Water wells contaminated
500 sick, 5 died
Boiling water kills the bacteria
¥ Ground water issues, contamination, salt intrusion, water reuse - ANSWER-
Groundwater pollution differs in several ways fromsurface-water pollution. Groundwater
often lacks oxygen,a situation that kills aerobic types of microorganisms(which require
oxygen-rich environments) but may pro- vide a happy home for anaerobic varieties
(which live in Groundwater Pollution oxygen-deficient environments)
Two major problems with the groundwaterin Nassau County are intrusion of saltwater
and shal-low-aquifer contamination.
Saltwater intrusion, where subsurface salty water migrates to wells being pumped,is a
problem in many coastal areas of the world.
The most serious groundwater problem on Long Island is shallow-aquifer pollution
associated with urban-ization. Sources of pollution in Nassau County includeurban
runoff, household sewage from cesspools and septictanks, salt used to de-ice
highways, and industrial andsolid waste. These pollutants enter surface waters andthen
migrate downward, especially in areas of intensivepumping and declining groundwater
levels
13 Renewable harvest - maximum sustainable yield - ANSWER-Relies on the inherent
nature of fish populations to replenish themselves based on their "surplus production" -
the natural ability for a population to compensate for increased mortality
Therefore, fisheries can maximize production by keeping the population at an
intermediate level (1/2 of carrying capacity).
Carrying Capacity : An abundance at which a population can sustain itself ( Births
=Deaths, Constant population)
19 Definitions and major issues of ground and surface water contamination - ANSWER-
Groundwater Pollution
Sources of contaminants:
Leaks from waste disposal sites and buried tanks and pipes; Seepage from agricultural,
industrial (including mining) and household activities;
Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers
, (Groundwater contamination is mostly a human health issue)
Surface Water Pollution
Water Pollutants are emitted from
Point Sources
Distinct, confined sources
Nonpoint Sources
Diffused and intermittent
(Surface water contamination leads to impaired use, and both wildlife and human health
issues)
Acid rain - sources, - formation - effects - sensitive ecosystems - ANSWER-When acid
rain falls, the acidic rainwater dissolves the nutrients and helpful minerals from the soil.
These minerals are then washed away before trees and other plants can use them to
grow. Not only does acid rain strip away the nutrients from the plants, they help release
toxic substance such as aluminum into the soil.
most lakes and streams have a pH level between six and eight. Some lakes are
naturally acidic even without the effects of acid rain
Acid rain does not only damage the natural ecosystems, but also man-made materials
and structures. Marble, limestone, and sandstone can easily be dissolved by acid rain.
Metals, paints, textiles, and ceramic can effortlessly be corroded. Acid rain can
downgrade leather and rubber.
Approaches to species conservation, problems with single species management plans -
ANSWER-
BOD - ANSWER-The amount of oxygen required for biochemical decomposition
processes is called the
biological or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
It measures the amount of oxygen consumed by microor-ganisms as they break down
organic matter within small water samples, which are analyzed in a laboratory.
Dead organic matter—which produces BOD—entersstreams and rivers from natural
sources (such as deadleaves from a forest) as well as from agricultural runoff and urban
sewage
When BOD is high, as suggested earlier, the
dissolved oxygen content of the water may become too low to sup-port life in the water.
Carrying capacity - limiting factors - ANSWER-
