science - ANSWER Systematic approach for seeking & organizing knowledge about the natural world
purpose of science - ANSWER ◦To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study
ABA seeks to - ANSWER discover the real truths (not those held by certain groups, organizations, etc....
science - ANSWER Systematic approach for seeking & organizing knowledge about the natural world
purpose of science - ANSWER ◦To achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study
ABA seeks to - ANSWER discover the real truths (not those held by certain groups, organizations, etc.)
Three different types of investigations provide different levels of understanding - ANSWER 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
description - ANSWER ◦Collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, &
examined for possible relations with other known facts
◦Often suggests hypotheses or questions for additional research
prediction - ANSWER ◦Relative probability that when one event occurs, another event will or will not
occur
◦Based on repeated observation revealing relationships between various events
◦Demonstrates correlation between events
◦No causal relationships can be interpreted
◦Enables preparation
control - ANSWER ◦Highest level of scientific understanding
◦Functional relations can be derived
Specific change in one event (dependent variable)....
Can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event (independent variable)...
, And the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors
(confounding variables)
◦Events can only really be "co-related"
Nearly impossible to factor out all other possible "causes"
attitudes of science - ANSWER - Definition of science lies within the behavior of scientists, not the
instruments or materials they use
- Only known as science due to an overriding idea of "scientific method"
- Fundamental assumptions about the nature of events
6 attitudes of science - ANSWER 1. DETERMINISM
2. EMPIRICISM
3. EXPERIMENTATION
4. REPLICATION
5. PARSIMONY
6. PHILOSOPHIC DOUBT
determinism - ANSWER - Assumption upon which science is predicted
- Presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result
of other events
- Events do not just occur at will
- Events are related in systematic ways
empiricism - ANSWER - Practice of objective observation of phenomena of interest
- What all scientific knowledge is built upon
- "Objective" is the key to gaining a better understanding of what is being studied
experimentation - ANSWER - Basic strategy in most sciences
- Experiment:
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