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Emergency Medicine Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers
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Emergency Medicine Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answers
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10/22/24, 10:27 AMEmergency Medicine Exam 2 Questions With Correct
Answers
Terms in this set (46)
Sx: rapidly progressive sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness ("hot potato voice"),
inspiratory stridor
Epiglottitis
Dx: thumb sign on XR
Tx: maintain airway, abx
Sx: acute dyspnea, SOB, syncope, chest pain, pleuritic pain
Pulmonary embolism Dx: wedge sign on CXR, D-dimer, pulmonary angiogram
Tx: anticoagulation (IV LMWH or heparin)
Sx: dyspnea, wheezing, use of accessory muscles, profound diaphoresis, agitation,
fatigue, cyanosis, altered mental status
Asthma exacerbation
Dx: methacholine challenge test, spirometry (reduced FEV1/FVC), decreased PFTs
Tx: beta-agonist, PO/IV steroids, airway management
Sx: chest pain, dyspnea, SOB, cyanosis, hypoxemia
Pneumothorax Dx: diminished breath sounds, hyperresonant percussion, decreased tactile fremitus
Tx: needle thoracostomy (2nd ICS, midclavicular line)
Cause: H. influenza, strep pneumo, moraxella catarrhalis, viruses
Sx: sputum volume increases, sputum color change, dyspnea increases, "cold/flu"-
like symptoms @ beginning
COPD exacerbation
Dx: color of sputum (white = not bacterial, green = maybe bacterial)
Tx: oral prednisone, abx if appropraite
Emergency Medicine Exam 2
1/6
, 10/22/24, 10:27 AM
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Sx: wet, soggy lungs
Acute lung injury
Dx: (all three) PaO2/FiO2 ratio <300, bilateral infiltrates on CXR, pulmonary capillary
wedge of <18 mmHg
Tx: furosemide, increase PEEP
life threatening condition that prevents enough O2 from getting to the lung sand into
the blood
Sx: SOB, DOE, tachypnea, hypotension, sx begin w/i 48hrs of illness/injury
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Dx: PaO2/FiO2 ratio <200, bilateral infiltrates on CXR, pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure <18mmHg
Tx: no specific therapy (mechanical ventilation, fluid restriction, early/appropraite
abx, symptomatic care)
Dx: 5 P's (pain, paresthesias, paralysis, pallor, pulselessness), >30mmHg is suggestive
of compartment syndrome
Compartment syndrome
Tx: fasciotomy
possibly life threatening bloodloss
Mortality up to 50%
Unstable pelvic fx
Dx: XR (AP, inlet, outlet, judet)
Tx: provisional stabilization then surgical repair
Uncommon, mostly posterior dislocations
Hip dislocation Sx: flexed, adducted, internally rotated hip
Tx: reduction (+/- anesthesia)
Resuscitation fluids
20 mL/kg bolus (NS or LR)
Peds fluids Maintenance fluids
4 ml/hr for first 10 kg
2 ml/hr for second 10 kg
1 ml/hr for each additional kg
Common DM 2, frequently first presentation of dz
Sx: onset days-weeks (slower), profound dehydration, hyperglycemia, renal
insufficiency, lactic acidosis, altered mental status, orthostatic hypotension, poor
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
turgor, dry mucous membranes, lethargy/stupor/coma
(HHS)
Dx: BGM >300, Osm >300
Tx: FIRST hydration, next IV insulin
2/6
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