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MN 551: Unit 2 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

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MN 551: Unit 2 Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers inflammation - the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury -localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells and paves the way for repair of injured tissue -conditions that involve this end in -itis redness sw...

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  • October 22, 2024
  • 37
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MN 551
  • MN 551
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©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

MN 551: Unit 2 Exam Questions with

100% Correct Answers


inflammation - ✔✔the reaction of vascularized tissues to injury

-localizes and eliminates microbes, foreign particles, and abnormal cells

and paves the way for repair of injured tissue

-conditions that involve this end in -itis

redness

swelling

heat

pain

Loss of function - ✔✔What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

acute-phase response - ✔✔-the systemic manifestations that may occur

during acute inflammation

Acute inflammation - ✔✔-the immediate and early response to an injurious

agent

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

-lasts a few minutes to several days and is characterized by exudation

(slow escape) of fluid and plasma components and emigration of

leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) into the extravascular tissues

-involves the vascular and cellular stages

Chronic inflammation - ✔✔-lasts for days to years, and is associated with

the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages, proliferation of blood

vessels, fibrosis, and tissue necrosis

Vascular phase - ✔✔-the first stage of acute inflammation characterized by

changes in the small blood vessels at the site of injury, which is marked by

tissue edema

-begins with momentary vasoconstriction followed rapidly by vasodilation

(causes heat and redness)

-this increase vascular permeability and protein rich fluid (exudate) flows

into the extravascular spaces

-the loss of proteins reduces capillary osmotic pressure and increases

interstitial osmotic pressure

-an increase in capillary pressure causes an outflow of fluid that

accumulates in the tissue spaces causing swelling, pain, and impaired

function

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

-as fluid leaves the vessels the blood clots due to stagnation of flow

Cellular phase - ✔✔-the second stage of acute inflammation, marked by

changes in epithelial cells lining the vasculature and movement of

phagocytic leukocytes into the area of injury or infection

-includes these sequence of events: leukocyte margination and adhesion to

the endothelium, transmigration across the endothelium, chemotaxis, and

activation and phagocytosis

endothelial cells - ✔✔- cells in the thick lining of blood vessels that form a

selectively permeable barrier between the blood in vessels and surrounding

tissues

-these cells produce antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents to keep the

vessel patent and vasodilators and vasoconstrictors to regulate blood flow

-they also provide a selectively permeable barrier to inflammatory stimuli,

modulate immune responses through synthesis and release of

inflammatory modulators, and secrete hematopoetic colony-stimulating

factors (CSFs)

-they also produce growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis

-serve as an indicator of vascular dysfunction in people with lupus

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Platelets/thrombocytes - ✔✔-cells that when activated release potent

inflammatory mediators (mostly proteins) that affect increase vascular

permeability and alter properties of endothelial cells

-associated with a lot of inflammatory disease processes

Neutrophil - ✔✔-primary phagocyte that arrive to the site of inflammation

within 90 mins of injury

-have nuclei that are divided into 5 lobes so they are referred to as PMNs

or segmented (segs)

-able to generate hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide that assist in

destroying engulfed debris

-the number of these normally increase in response to inflammation,

especially bacteria; but they have a short lifespan and must be constantly

replaced

granulocyte - ✔✔-a WBC identified by distinctive cytoplasmic granules

leukocytosis - ✔✔-high WBC count, frequently seen with bacterial

infections and tissue injury

bands - ✔✔immature neutrophils released from the bone marrow with

horseshoe shaped nuclei

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