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MCAT Biology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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MCAT Biology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers the chemical reaction that breaks down all the major macro-molecules - CORRECT ANSWER- Hydrolysis What is the strongest type of INTER-molecular bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER- Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular bonds.... diopl...

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  • October 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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MCAT Biology UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
the chemical reaction that breaks down all the major macro-molecules - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Hydrolysis



What is the strongest type of INTER-molecular bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Hydrogen bonds are the strongest intermolecular bonds....
diople-dipole bonds are weaker. . . Vander wall bonds are the weakest.


Why is water a liquid at high temperatures? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hydrogen bonding
bonds the water molocules closer together.


What is an ampipathic molecule? give an Example. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A molecule
with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
Example: PhoshpoLipid (Phospho=philic,lipid= phobic)


What is a lipid? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A lipid is a biological molecule with low
solubility in water.
Lipid means fat. Liposuction is fat removal.
Peptides are NOT lipids.


What are the 6 major groups of lipids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1) fatty acids...
the next 3 have a 3 carbon back bone:
2) Tri-glyceride
3) Phospholipids
4) Glycolipids
5) Steroids
6) Terpenes - A large class of organic compounds. examples: smelly pine oils, beer hops
aroma and vitamin A.

,What is the structure of a Tri-glyceride? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- triglicerides are esters.
Composed from 3 carbon glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid chains dangling. Each carbon
chain is attached by an ester bond.


What happens if you add water to an ester group in a Tri-glyceride? How is this reaction rate
increased? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Water cleaves the ester bond into an alcohol and a
carboxylic/ fatty acid. LIPASES speed are the enzyme that speed this reaction.


in terms of water solubility, What is important to know about the longer the carbon chain in a
Tri-glyceride when broken down? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- longer carbon chains are less
water soluble.
In longer chains the polar carboxylic acid are less significant.


How soluble is a Shorter chain fatty acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Shorter chain fatty
acids are slightly water soluble.


explain what is so special about Saturated Fatty Acids........Also, explain the melting point. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- saturated fatty acids have only single, alkane bonds along the
carbon chain. They have a straighter chain and have more van der wall forces, and therefor a
higher melting point.


explain what is so special about Unsaturated Fatty Acid.... Also, explain the melting point. -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond. They are
not saturated with Hydrogen. they have a LOWER melting point.
At room temperatures unsaturated fatty acids may be oily, like Healthy peanut butter.


explain the phospho-lipids structure. Where are phoshpo lipids common? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Phospholipids are also built on a 3 Carbon backbone.
One of the carbon has a Phosphate PO4 group. the other 2 carbons have carbon chains
attached by a ester bond.
This is the lollypop of the cell membrane. Esters have 2 oxygens.


What regions are poplar nonpolar in a membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1)the
phosphates are Polar, water lovin, hydro philic regions that face the outside.
2) Nonpolar, hydro phobic carbon chain regions face the inside.

,Explain glycolipids structure. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- glycolipids have 3 carbon
backbone with
2 Carbon chains attached by an ester group.
THe third carbon has a carbohydrate


What do steroids look like? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Slightly amphipathic 4 ring
structures


lipids are insoluble. So how do they move through the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
They are usually carried by lipoproteins, like HDL or LDL.


What are the major classes of lipoproteins? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1) Chylomicrons
which are the largest
2) VLDLs these are low denstiy, but large.
3) LDLs
4) HDLs. these high density lipids are the smallest, and called good proteins.


What are proteins made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- one or more chains of amino
acids, perhaps in a crazy ass arrangement.


describe amino acid structure. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Amino acids have 4 parts
attached to the alpha carbon.
1. the amino group, which is NH2
2. the R group, which is one of 20 choices
3. the Carboxylic acid or C O O
the last thing attached to the Carbon is the Hydrogen.


What are the basic amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Hal
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

, What are the acidic amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Aspartic acid and Glutamic
acid


What are the nonpolar amino acids? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Poor LTMG Is Venezuelan
At Parties
1) Phenylalanine
2) Leucine
3) Tryptophan
4) Methionine
5) Glycine
6) Isoleucine
7) Valine
8) Alanine
9) Proline


What is the primary structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Sequence of amino
acids and
Location of disulfide bonds between cistine residues


What is the secondary structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1) Twisting of the
alpha helix
2) Beta sheets


What is the tertiary structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 3D structure
including bending


What is the quaternary structure of a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Multiple proteins
in formation


What are the five forces that create tertiary structure? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1)
Covalent

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