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TABLE OF CONTENTS eE eE eE
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1. Anatomical Eterminology E…………………………………………………. E… E4 E E
e e e e e e
2. Homeostasis Eand EGraphing E……………………………………………………9 E
e e e e
3. Macromolecules: EBuilding Eblocks Eof Elife E…………………………………… E17 E
e e e e e e e
4. Molecular Eactivity Eand Ephysical Etransport E…………………………………… E21 E
e e e e e e e
5. Cell Etransport: EOsmosis, Ediffusion, Eand Etonicity. E……………………………. E E33
e e e e e e e e
eE
6. Enzymes E………………………………………………….………………….. E E39 E
e e e e
7. Microscopy E…………………………………………………………………….45 E
e e
8. Cell Edivision: EMitosis/Meiosis E………………………………………………....53 E
e e e e
9. Acids, Ebases Eand EpH E…………………………………………………………… E59
e e e e e
eE
10. Histology: EIntroduction Eto Etissue E……………………………………………… E E63
e e e e e e
eE
11. Blood: EDifferential Eleukocyte Ecount E…………………………………………… E73
e e e e e
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12. Blood: ECharacteristics Eof Ehuman Eblood E……………………………………….. E
e e e e e e
eE81 E
e
13. Cardiovascular Eanatomy: EHeart. E………………………………………………. E E97
e e e e e
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14. Effects Eof Eexercise Eon Eheart Erate Eand Eblood Epressure E…………………………..
e e e e e e e e e
eE103 E e
15. Electrocardiography E………………………………………………………….. E E111 E e e e e
16. Respiratory Elab Eanatomy E……………………………………………………… E
e e e e
eE121 E e
17. Respiratory Elab E……………………………………………………………….. E E123
e e e e
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18. Urinary Esystem Eanatomy E……………………………………………………… E
e e e e
eE129 E e
19. Renal Ephysiology E…………………………………………………………….. E E E133
e e e e e
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20. Skeletal Esystem E……………………………………………………………….. E E141
e e e e
eE
eE 2E e
, 21. Muscular Esystem. E……………………………………………………………… E167 e e e
eE
22. Nervous Esystem- EBrain Eand Espinal Ecord E………………………………………. E E e e e e e e e e
E179 E e e
23. Sensory Esystem- EEye Eand Eear E…………………………………………………. E E e e e e e e e
E187 E e e
24. Circulatory Esystem: EArteries Eand Eveins E………………………………………. E E E e e e e e e e e
E193 E e e
25. Digestive Esystem Eanatomy E……………………………………………………. E E e e e e e
E201 E e e
26. Reproductive Esystem E………………………………………………………….. E207 E e e e e
27. Cat Edissection- EMuscles E………………………………………………………. E
e e e e
E213 E e e
28. Cat Edissection E– Ebody Esystems. E E………………………………………………. E E
e e e e e e e e
E215 E e e
Homeostasis and Graphing eE eE eE
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Introduction: E e
Homeostasis Eis Ethe Eability Eof Eour Ebodies Eto Emaintain Ea Econstant Einternal Eenvironment
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eregardless Eof Eour Eexternal Eenvironment. E EAs Emammals Ewe Ehave Ea Econstant Einternal
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
o
Etemperature Eof E98.6 F; Ethis Eis Econsidered Eto Ebe Eour Einternal Eset Epoint. E EHowever, Eour
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Einternal Etemperature Edoes Efluctuate Efrom Ethis Eset Epoint Eand Ethis Efluctuation Eis
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Econsidered Enormal Eerror. E EThe Eessence Eof Ephysiology Eis Ehomeostatic Emechanism Eand
e e e e e e e e e e e e
Ehow Ethey Eregulate Eand Emaintain Ethe Einternal Emilieu Eof Eour Ebodies. E EFor Ethis
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Elaboratory Ewe Eare Egoing Eto Eexamine Ethree Ebasic Ehomeostatic Emechanisms: Ebody
e e e e e e e e e e e
Etemperature, Erespiratory Erate, Eand Epulse Erate. E EYou Eare Egoing Eto Euse Eyour Ebody Efor
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Ethese Eexperiments Eto Edetermine Eyour Eset Epoint. E ETo Edetermine Eyour Eset Epoint Eyou
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Ewill Ecollect Edata Eand Eeither Eaverage Ethe Edata E(mean), Euse Ethe Enumber Ein Ethe Emiddle
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eof Ethe Edata Eset E(median), Eor Euse Ethe Evalue Ethat Eoccurs Ethe Emost E(mode) Edepending
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eon Ewhat Eyour Edata Elook Elike. E EThen Eyou Ewill Eadd Eyour Edata Eto Ethe Eclass Edata Eand
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Egraph Ethe Eresults. E E E
e e e e e e
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I. Body ETemperature E(oF) E e e e
For Ethe Ebody Etemperature Eexperiment Eyou Eshould Ework Ein Egroups Eof Efour Epeople.
e e e e e e e e e e e e
E EYou Ewill Eneed Eto Erecord Eone Egroup Emember’s Ebody Etemperature Eeach Eminute
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
eE 3E e
, eE for E10 Eminutes Etotal. E EUse Ethe Ethermometer Eat Eyour Ebench Eand Edon’t Eforget Eto
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e Euse Ethe Eplastic Ecover. E ERecord Eyour Edata Eand Eanswer Equestions Eon Ethe Efollowing
e e e e e e e e e e e e e
e Epages. E E e e
eE
II. Respiratory ERate E(Breaths/Minute) E e e e
You Ewill Eneed Eyour Elab Epartner Eto Ecount Ehow Emany Ebreaths Eyou Etake Ein Eone
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eminute Efor E10 Eminutes Etotal. E
e e e e e e
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III. Pulse ERate E(Beats/Minute) E e e e
You Ecan Emeasure Eyour Epulse Erate Eby Eplacing Ethe Etip Eof Eyour Eindex Eand Emiddle
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Efinger Eof Eyour Eright Ehand Eon Eyour Eradial Eartery Eof Eyour Eleft Ehand Eand Epushing
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eit Eagainst Eyour Eradius Ebone. E EYou Eshould Eplace Eyour Efingers Ejust Esuperior Eto
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
Eyour Ewrist. ERecord Eyour Epulse Erate Eeach Eminute Efor Ea Etotal Eof E10 Eminutes. E
e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e
EDetermine Eyour Eset Epoint Eand Eanalyze Eyour Edata. E E E
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Homeostasis and Graphing eE eE eE eE eE eE Name:___________________ E e
eE eE eE eE eE eE eE eE Lab EDay:_________________ E
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Body Temperature Data
eE eE eE
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1. Enter Ea Evolunteer’s Etemperature Edata E(oF) Ein Ethis Etable: E E
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eE 4E e
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