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PNB 2XC3 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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PNB 2XC3 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Elements of analytical thinking one should use for informed decisions - whats the purpose? what assumptions are made?, what data supports this?, what concepts and theories are used?, what conclusions can be drawn?, what are the implication...

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  • October 22, 2024
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PNB 2XC3 Final Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


Elements of analytical thinking one should use for informed decisions -

✔✔whats the purpose?

what assumptions are made?, what data supports this?,

what concepts and theories are used?,

what conclusions can be drawn?, what are the implications and

consequences?

Intellectual Standards - ✔✔Clarity

Accuracy

Precision

Relevance

Depth

Breadth

Logic

Significance

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

Fairness

clarity - ✔✔can i understand it?

accuracy - ✔✔is it error free?

precision - ✔✔can it be more detailed?

relevance - ✔✔is it related to the issue?

depth - ✔✔is it complex?

breadth - ✔✔does it offer multiple points of view?

logic - ✔✔does it follow from the evidence?

significance - ✔✔is it important?

fairness - ✔✔is there a conflict of interest or biases?

blind experiment - ✔✔data collector is blind to the subjects assignments to

treatments

- when studying animals

double blind - ✔✔relevant for human subjects only

- both data collector and subjects are blind to the treatment

why should experiments be either blind or double blind - ✔✔to remove

experimenter and subject bias

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

placebo effect - ✔✔expectation and anticipation of clinical improvement

main cause of observed improvement in sham treatments -

✔✔spontaneous improvement

proximate questions - ✔✔how the behavior came to be

- within the life time of the organism

- immediate causation

ultimate questions - ✔✔why a particular behavior occurs

- over evolutionary time

plumage colour in house finches: proximate explanation - ✔✔carotenoid

pigments ingested in food provides red colouration

plumage colour in house finches: ultimate explanation - ✔✔positive

correlation between male mating success and red-colour intensity

- males who can seek Colour instead of energy are better quality

- better able to fight off pathogens

- good foraging ability

animal behaviour - ✔✔self generated movement of either a body part or the

whole in animals

4 F's - ✔✔fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

the major components of an animal life history - ✔✔growth, survival,

reproduction

Two mechanisms that can change behaviour over time - ✔✔Evolution and

Learning

Evolution - ✔✔a change over generations in the proportion of individual

organisms differing genetically in one or more traits

methods other than evolution and learning which change biological traits -

✔✔maturity, acclimation

Evolution in Galapagos Finches - ✔✔-heritable variation in beak size

-higher survival rates of individuals with large beaks during a drought

- reproductive fitness incurred

learning - ✔✔the ability to acquire a neuronal representation of new

information which can be used to determine subsequent behavior

learning in grasshoppers experiment setup: - ✔✔grasshoppers learn to eat

a balanced diet with optimal nutrients like carbs and proteins

learning treatment: allowed to learn naturally to prefer balanced over

deficient diet

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