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PNB TEST Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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PNB TEST Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved dura mater - fibrous arachnoid mater - epithelial pia mater - fibrous where is CSF - subarachnoid space Where is CSF produced? - choroid plexus in ventricles by ependymal cells CSF vs Plasma - lower protein, glucose, potassium concentration in...

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  • October 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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JOSHCLAY
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

PNB TEST Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


dura mater - ✔✔fibrous

arachnoid mater - ✔✔epithelial

pia mater - ✔✔fibrous

where is CSF - ✔✔subarachnoid space

Where is CSF produced? - ✔✔choroid plexus in ventricles by ependymal

cells

CSF vs Plasma - ✔✔lower protein, glucose, potassium concentration in

CSF and higher sodium concentration in CSF



-having higher [Na+] makes it favorable for Na+ to go into cell during action

potential generation



-having low extracellular K+ in CSF allows for continuous efflux important

for maintaining negative resting membrane potential

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.


-[protein] lower in CSF to avoid giving pathogens the building blocks they

would need to replicate w/in brain

blood supply to brain - ✔✔1: internal carotid arteries

2: vertebral artery

3:circle of willis

internal carotid arteries - ✔✔These arteries are the lateral branches of

common carotid arteries. They carry blood to the brain.



-supplies anterior and medial portion of the brian

vertebral artery - ✔✔supplies blood to posterior structures of the brain

Circle of Willis - ✔✔A structure at the base of the brain that is formed by

the joining of the carotid and basilar arteries.



-creates overlapping blood flow so if there is a blockage in the brain, blood

can reroute and supply



-important cause brain cannot go long without oxygen without damage

,©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.


-will not work to re route if blockage occur before the brain/not within the

brain

blood return - ✔✔jugular vein

oxygen - ✔✔-passes freely across BBB



-brain receives 15% of blood pumped by heart at rest due to need of

oxygen

glucose - ✔✔-brain consumes 1/2 of bodies glucose



-membrane transporters move it from plasma to CSF



-progressive hypoglycemia leads to confusion unconsciousness and death



-[glucose] lower in CSF because neurons are always using it

cerebrum - ✔✔higher brain function

Diencephalon - ✔✔homeostatic controls

cerebellum - ✔✔coordination of movement

, ©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.

brain stem - ✔✔autonomic/reflex center

grey matter - ✔✔contains cell bodies and synapses of neurons



-cerebral cortex



-basal ganglia

white matter - ✔✔myelinated axons



-commissural fibers= connect hemispheres



-projection fibers = connect cerebrum to other regions



-association fibers = connections w/in cerebral hemisphere

gyri - ✔✔hills of the brain

sulci - ✔✔shallow grooves of brain

longitudinal fissure - ✔✔cerebral hemisphere separates right and left sides

transverse fissure - ✔✔separates cerebrum and cerebellum

sylvian/lateral fissure - ✔✔separates frontal and parietal lobe from temporal

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