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HNU 242 Nutrients For Blood Health Exam Study Guide
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HNU 242 Nutrients For BloodHealth Exam Study Guide
________________ iron is well absorbed; ________________ iron is reactive - Answer heme,
free
Define myoglobin - Answer iron-containing protein in muscle which binds O2
Non-heme iron absorption is affected by ________________ - Answer meal composition
Iron functions - Answer - essential for the delivery of oxygen to cells 2 oxygen-containing
proteins, hemoglobin and myoglobin, contain iron
- essential part of proteins in TCA & ETC pathways for ATP production
- part of proteins involved in drug metabolism
- part of proteins involved in immune function
- essential for cognitive development processes in infancy and childhood
Estimated 80% of the world's population may be ________________ and 30% suffer from
________________ - Answer iron deficient, iron deficiency anemia
Impaired hemoglobin synthesis - Answer microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is the ________________ of iron deficiency - Answer final stage
Inadequate iron first causes a ________________, followed by ________________ - Answer
decrease in the amount of stored iron, low iron levels in the plasma
Iron is essential for ________________, but too much can be ________________ - Answer
cellular metabolism, toxic
Acute iron poisoning can be life-threatening. It can damage the ________________ and
cause ________________ - Answer intestinal lining, abnormalities in body pH, shock and
liver failure
Iron overload can happen over time and accumulates in tissues such as: - Answer the
heart and liver
Most common form of iron overload - Answer hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC)
High iron stores (asymptomatic) are correlated with: - Answer CVD, diabetes and
cancer
, Iron is an ________________ - Answer oxidant
Iron supplements are in ________________ form - Answer non-heme (ferrous)
Symptoms of zinc deficiency - Answer inhibited growth and delayed puberty
Sources of zinc - Answer meat, seafood, dairy products, and fortified foods
Regulation of zinc absorption occurs at: - Answer lumen and exit sides through various
Zn transport proteins (import/export)
Describe zinc regulation - Answer 1. when zinc intake is low, more zinc moves from the
lumen into the mucosal cells and from vesicles into the cytosol, and little metallothionein
is synthesized
2. when zinc intake is high, little zinc is transported from the lumen into the mucosal
cells and more zinc moves out of the mucosal cells into the lumen and from the cytosol
into vesicles. The synthesis of metallothionein, which binds zinc and limits its uptake
into the blood, increases
Zinc homeostasis can be maintained (to some extent) by ________________, in
conjunction with ________________ - Answer regulating Zn excretion in pancreatic &
intestinal juices, reducing reabsorption
Most abundant intracellular trace element - Answer zinc
Functions of zinc - Answer Helps regulate:
- DNA, RNA synthesis
- CHO metabolism
- acid-base balance
- insulin metabolism
- vitamin A release from liver
- cell membrane stabilization
- growth, reproduction, tissue repair, immune function, etc.
Are Canadians meeting zinc requirements? - Answer no
Richest sources of zinc are found in ________________ - Answer animal products
Who is at highest risk of zinc deficiency? - Answer vegetarians, vegans, seniors
Single dose of 1-2 grams of zinc can cause: - Answer GI irritation, vomiting, loss of
appetite, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headaches
50-300 mg/d dose of zinc can: - Answer impair immune function, reduce HDL cholesterol
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