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STM Final Exam Study Guide Solutions myofascial manipulation: autonomic or reflexive approach - Ans:--attempt to exert effect through skin & superficial connective tissues -ex: soft tissue mobs: stimulates sensory receptors in the skin & superficial fascia -ex: TENS - direct stimulation of larg...

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  • October 22, 2024
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STM Final Exam Study Guide Solutions


myofascial manipulation: autonomic or reflexive approach - Ans:✔✔--attempt to exert effect through

skin & superficial connective tissues


-ex: soft tissue mobs: stimulates sensory receptors in the skin & superficial fascia


-ex: TENS - direct stimulation of large myelinated large fibers overrides noxious stimuli traveling to higher

centers of the CNS


-ex: connective tissue massage (bindegewebsmassage) & Hoffa massage


myofascial manipulation: mechanical approach - Ans:✔✔--seek to make mechanical, or histological,

changes in the myofascial structures


-ex: superficial tissue rolling to mobilize adhesions, elongation of a superficial fascial plane, stretching

hamstrings


-ex: Rolfing, Trager, Myofascial release


-should be performed following some form of autonomic technique


-begin with gentler techniques then progress to more aggressive




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myofascial manipulation: movement approach - Ans:✔✔--pt actively participates


-clinician guides pt through a series of mvmts to change aberrant patterns & retrain into more efficient

mvmts & postures


-ex; PNF, Alexander technique, Feldenkrais method


what is the cutivisceral reflex described by Elizabeth Dicke - Ans:✔✔--used to describe effects of CTM


-CTM can release nerve impulses along quite specific paths by means of reflexes that are locked into the

CNS & create reactions in distant organs


-ex: application of mother's warm hand to alleviate child's stomachache


Hoffa massage techniques & potential benefits - Ans:✔✔--effleurage: when performed w/ mod pressure,

slowly & smoothly on the back, it may stimulate the PNS & evoke the relaxation response


-petrissage: may help separate mm fibers & evoke muscular relaxation


-tapotement


-vibration


Ida Rolf's concept of "fascial sweater" - Ans:✔✔--fascial restriction in one area will strain areas away

from the restriction & cause abnormal mvmt patterns


-based on the idea that the fascial network is continuous throughout the body

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basic premises of Rolfing - Ans:✔✔--belief that myofascial component determine adequacy of the jt &

that by integrating the myofascial to normal or more toward normal, the pt would have "normal" mvmt


-tissue of focus is fascia (constantly reorganizes & responds to stress)


-person's psychological components are manifested in structure & that changing the structure can

change the psychological component


Goal for human body that all Rolfer's are striving - Ans:✔✔--balance & harmony of mvmt


basic premise of Tragering - Ans:✔✔--mechanical soft tissue & neurophysiological reeducation approach

(uses NERVOUS SYSTEM to make changes)


-directed towards unconscious mind


-uses gentle passive motions that emphasize mobilization techniques (traction, rotation & mentastics)


direct myofascial release - Ans:✔✔--intent: to improve mobility of soft tissues through application of a

slow, controlled mechanical stress directly into a restriction


-pressure gradually increased or repeated until mobility of tissue is felt to improve


-tissue may be manipulated while pt is either passively or actively moving (depends on pt tolerance)


indirect myofascial release - Ans:✔✔--applied similarly to direct


-amt of force is lower in intensity but much longer in duration (gives tissues an opportunity to release)

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-often used when pt's are tender or extremely guarded (pt feedback essential!)


movement approach: PNF (basic principles) - Ans:✔✔-1) always keep treatment approach positive,

reinforcing what pt can do on both physical & psychological levels


2) help pts achieve their highest level of function


3) direct the entire human being in each treatment & not a specific problem or body segment




-use diagonal mvmts based on synergistic patterns


-ex: rhythmic initiation, rhythmic stabilization, contract relax, hold relax


movement approach: Alexander technique - Ans:✔✔--based on theory that in each human there exists

an integration mechanism that produces more optimal coordination & functioning


-cornerstone of this technique: position of head & neck (pt learns to activate primary locus of control

here)


-palpatory & verbal feedback given as new positions & mvmt patterns are learned


-best learned slowly & w/ positive reinforcement


-often used w/ TMJD




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