Chapter 5 Frameworks for Health Promotion, Disease Prevention,
and Risk Reduction
1. Health People 2020 (HP 2020) is a guidepost for nurses and interdisciplinary teams in community
and public health. New focal areas for HP 2020 include: (Select all that apply.)
A) Adolescent health
B) Diabetes
C) Genomics
D) Nutrition and weight status
E) Social determinants of health
Ans: A, C, E
Feedback:
Ten new focal areas were added to HP 2020, beyond those included in HP 2010. These include the
following: adolescent health; blood disorders and blood safety; dementias, including Alzheimer
disease; early and middle childhood; genomics; global health; healthcare-associated infections;
health-related quality of life and well-being; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health; older
adults; preparedness; sleep health; and social determinants of health. Diabetes and nutrition and
weight status were focal areas that were already included in HP 2010.
Origin: Chapter 5- Frameworks for Health Promotion, 2
2. The nurse identifies the specific indicators and focal areas needed to establish immunization and
well-child clinics in a low-income neighborhood. What actions are needed to meet the health
outcomes of the project?
A) Identify the need in the community for the clinic on the basis of subjective data. B) Develop a
plan to meet the costs and promote the benefits of the project.
C) Consider the identified neighborhood's need for healthcare compared with that of other low-
income neighborhoods by interviewing the members of the neighborhood.
D) Assume that the neighborhood will welcome the institution of a well-child and immunization
clinic.
Ans: B
Feedback:
Page 1
, Knowing how to address the need for change and the actual change at a personal, family, and
community level must be based on science—evidence based on rigorous understanding of a problem.
Specific actions that can best achieve positive health outcomes can then be determined.
Consideration must be given to realistic viability of solutions, costs and benefits, and the degree to
which individual people will accept these approaches. Developing a plan to meet the costs and
promote the benefits of the project meets these criteria. The other answers are not evidence based.
Origin: Chapter 5- Frameworks for Health Promotion, 3
3. Absenteeism due to illness has increased recently in the local middle school. The increase is noted
to be related to exacerbation of asthma symptoms in the student population. Which would be the
most effective approach in decreasing absenteeism among this population?
A) Develop an asthma education and surveillance program that addresses students, families,
and faculty members.
B) Develop a policy to exclude students with a diagnosis of asthma from admission to the
school.
C) Create an asthma prevention plan within the school environment, based in the school nurse's
office.
D) Create an education program for faculty related to the prevention of exacerbation of asthma
systems.
Ans: A
Feedback:
Community health nurses are focused specifically on modifiable risks of acquiring disease. This
requires nurses to analyze trends in risk surveillance data and consider the physical, emotional, and
psychosocial challenges people face when confronting disease, physical stressors, and the possibility
of premature death. Public health science uses
in-depth processes of data collection across the natural history of disease to define trends, and in this
way assists nurses and other public health officials in prioritizing the steps needed to minimize risk
and improve the quality of care in populations. Only the development of a program that addresses
students, families, and faculty members and that takes into account surveillance data is in-depth
enough to be effective. The other options do not reflect public health science or approach the
problem in a holistic manner.
Origin: Chapter 5- Frameworks for Health Promotion, 4
4. Multiple family units in an underserved neighborhood have children who have not been
vaccinated per health guidelines. The nurse researches the problem and establishes a well-child clinic
within walking distance to the neighborhood. The clinic is poorly attended. Which would be the
nurse's best action to revise the program and improve attendance to the clinic?
A) Determine whether the location of the clinic is not conducive to attendance. B) Discuss the
problem of attendance at the next community council meeting.
C) Interview members of the neighborhood to determine why they do not use the clinic.
Page 2
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