NSG 533 Advanced Pharmacology EXAM 3 LATEST 2024.2025
@QUESTION AND ANSWER GRADED A+ WITH RATIONALE
what is the fifth vital sign?
pain
what is pain threshold?
level of stimulus needed to create painful sensation
what is pain tolerance?
amount of pain one can endure without interfering with normal functioning.
somatic pain
skin pain
muscle pain
tissue pain
visceral pain
organ pain
,NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology WILKES UNIVERSITY
what are reasons for under treatment of pain?
lack of pain assessment
health professional attitude towards drug seeking
inaccurate information about addiction
under dosing
patient's cultural beliefs
what does unrelieved pain lead to?
HTN ***
Increased HR
Increased RR
pneumonia ***
Urinary retention
ileus
confusion
weakness
,NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology WILKES UNIVERSITY
what are nonopioid analgesics used for?
mild to moderate pain
good for: dull/throbbing headache pain, dysmenorrhea, inflammation, minor abrasions,
muscular aches, mild-mod arthritis
what are examples of nonopioid analgesics?
Acetaminophen (tylenol) --> OTC
NSAIDS --> OTC
1. ASA
2. Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
3. Naproxen (Aleve)
COX2 inhibitors --> Rx
1. Celebrex
2. Vioxx
*Give the analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects (tylenol not so good for
inflammation) **
, NSG 533 - Advanced Pharmacology WILKES UNIVERSITY
MOA of NSAIDS
block cyclo-oxygenase and inhibit synthesis of prostaglandins
what does the inhibition of Cox-1 and Cox-2 do?
decreases inflammation and pain
what does the inhibition of Cox-1 do?
decreases protection of the stomach lining
why are Cox-2 blockers better than Cox-1 blockers?
they decrease the synthesis of prostaglandins without irritating the stomach
* limit use to 6 months*
what is a concern with all NSAIDS?
increased bleeding might occur
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