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NSG 521 FUNDAMENTALS MODULE 8 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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NSG 521 FUNDAMENTALS MODULE 8 CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS...
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Cells in the SA node possess automaticity (a property that enables the cardiaccells to generate their impulses). Other cells in the heart also possess
automaticity but generally have a slower intrinsic rate than the SA node,
causing their impulses to be suppressed by the faster SA node.
True
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
True
The pulmonary veins deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium, which
circulates the blood to the left ventricle and then out to the systemic circulation.
True
S1, or "lub," results from closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves;
True
S2, or "dub," results from the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
True
S3 is considered normal in children and young adults and abnormal in middle-
aged and older adults. S4 is the fourth heart sound, occurring right before S1,
and is often represented by a "dee-lub-dub" pattern ("dee" being S4). S4 is
considered normal in older adults but abnormal in children and adults.
True
Systole. During systole, the ventricles contract and eject blood to the lungs and
body. The beginning of systole correlates with the pulse while blood is being
circulated. During systole, the closed mitral and tricuspid valves prevent
regurgitation (backflow) of blood into the atria. The aortic and pulmonic valves
are open while blood moves forward.
True
,Diastole. Diastole is twice as long as systole to allow time for the ventricles to
fill. As the heart rate increases, however, length of diastole shortens and
becomes approximately equal to systole. The coronary arteries are also perfused
during diastole.
During diastole, the aortic and pulmonic valves are closed to prevent
regurgitation of blood from the aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles.
The open mitral and tricuspid valves allow filling from the atria to the
ventricles. The three phases of ventricular filling are early filling, slow passive
filling, and finally, atrial systole, also called “atrial kick.” An additional 5% to
30% of blood volume is squeezed into the ventricles during the atrial kick.
True
Mitral valve
between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
Phase of the cardiac cycle characterized by filling of the atria; Twice as long as
the contraction phase
Diastole
The purpose of the cardiovascular system is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to
the cells and tissues and return waste products to the central circulation for
excretion.
True
The female heart is generally smaller in size than a male heart across all age
groups.
True
Systole
Phase of the cardiac cycle characterized by the heart muscle contracting
Because of fibrotic changes and fat deposits on the SA node, older adults have
less heart rate variability than younger adults. Additionally, their hearts respond
, less to the sympathetic nervous system, so older adults have reduced maximum
heart rates.
True
The left atria in the heart of an older adult is larger in size compared to that of a
younger adult.
True
Blood volume is approximately the same in the heart of an older adult and a
younger adult.
True
Fibrotic changes and fat deposits on the SA node decrease rate variability in
older adults.
True
Population burden of PAD in women in the United States as indicated by
financial cost, morbidity, and mortality is greater than that of men.
True
Primary varicose veins are seen more often in people older than 50 years of age.
True
Smoking is a primary risk factor for PAD.
True
Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the world?
Heart Disease
Which of the following is NOT a finding in an older adult?
The heart fills faster in early diastole
3 multiple choice options
The nurse asks patients about risk factors for cardiovascular disease so as to
implement necessary interventions to control symptoms, direct education to
prevent new problems or complications, and document areas needing ongoing
follow-up and emphasis.
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