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Praxis 2 Biology Content 5235 exam |Questions Solved 100% Correct Answers| Already Passed
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Praxis 2 Biology Content 5235 exam |QuestionsSolved 100% Correct Answers| Already Passed
What is crossing over? - ANSWER During metaphase of meiosis 1 when homologous
chromosomes line up along the center of the dividing cell, some pieces of the chromosomes
break off and move from one chromosome to another. Adds more variation of traits.
Does crossing over occur for genes that are closer together or farther apart? - ANSWER It
is more likely that crossing over occurs between genes that do not lie close together on a
chromosome.
How is gender determined in an organism? - ANSWER Gender is determined in an organism
by a particular homologous pair of chromosomes.
polygenetic inheritance - ANSWER traits produced from interaction of multiple sets of genes.
Examples of polygenic inheritance - ANSWER diseases such as diabetes and heart disease have
multiple contributing factors involved in their development in a person.
Are polygenic traits difficult or easy to map and predict? - ANSWER Polygenic traits are difficult
to map and predict because of the varied effects of the different genes and contributing
factors on a specific trait or disease.
Are diseases resulting from genetic disorders rare or common? - ANSWER They are very
rare because they are mostly derived from abnormalities of a single gene.
What are autosomal dominant disorders? - ANSWER diseases that can affect a person when
only one mutated copy of the gene is present.
,What is the frequency of an autosomal dominant disorder in the children of an affected parent?
- ANSWER The majority of the time an affected person only has one affected parent. Each
child of an affected person has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene.
Most common example of autosomal dominant disorder - ANSWER Huntington's disease
What are autosomal recessive disorders? - ANSWER Diseases that require 2 copies of
the mutated gene to be inherited for a person to be affected.
What is the frequency of autsomal recessive disorders from unaffected parents who are
carriers? - ANSWER Affected person may receive one or both of the mutated genes from
unaffected parents. Unaffected parents are carriers and possess one copy of the mutated gene.
Their children have a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder
What are the most common examples of autosomal recessive disorders? - ANSWER
Cystic fibrosis and Sickle-Cell Anemia
What is an X-linked dominant disorder? - ANSWER a diseases that is caused by a dominant
mutation in a gene on the X chromosome.
What is an example of an X-linked dominant disorder? - ANSWER Rett syndrome and a form
of rickets
Do X-linked dominant disorders affect males, females, or both? - ANSWER Both males and
females can be affected, but in males the symptoms are often much more severe and
very commonly fatal.
What is the frequency of inheritance of X-linked dominant disorder in female parents?
- ANSWER 50% in all offspring
,What is the frequency of inheritance of X-linked dominant disorder in male parents? - ANSWER
sons - 0%. daughters - 100%
X-linked recessive disorders - ANSWER more commonly affect males than females. Chances
of gene passing to progeny are different for males and females.
What is the frequency of inheritance of X-linked recessive disorder from the father? - ANSWER
sons 0%. daughters 100% carriers only.
What is the frequency of inheritance of X-linked recessive disorder from the mother? - ANSWER
sons 50% affected
daughters 50% carriers
Give examples of X-linked recessive disorders. - ANSWER muscular dystrophy, color blindness,
hemophilia A
Y-linked disorders - ANSWER mutations on y chromosome. Only affect males.
Give the frequency of Y-linked disorders from affected males. - ANSWER sons 100%. daughters
0%
maternal inheritance - ANSWER aka mitochondrial disease - conditions that result from
mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Only egg cells contribute mitochondrial DNA to embryo. Only
mothers pass this on to their children.
Nature vs Nurture Debate - ANSWER debate about the interaction between heredity and the
environment. Study of development of individuals' personality and whether the end result is
caused by inherited traits or environment plus personal experiences.
evolution - ANSWER the gradual change of characteristics within a population, producing
a change in species over time.
, natural selection - ANSWER drives evolution. Population genetics studied by Charles Darwin.
Charles Darwin - ANSWER First to explain natural selection as a driving force in evolution
and first to lay out full range of evidence.
Carolus Linnaeus - ANSWER famous botanist credited with developing classification system for
organisms. Speculated on origin of and relationships between groups of species in mid-1700s.
Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics - ANSWER French scientist proposed that
organisms acquire traits over their life span that equip them to survive within their
environment and pass on those traits to their offspring. Has since been discredited.
Example of Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics - ANSWER giraffes developed longer
necks during their lifetime from their efforts to reach higher branches, and passed the
longer necks to their children.
limiting factors of a population - ANSWER Population growth and maintenance of a species is
dependent on these. Individuals within the species that are unable to acquire the minimum
requirement of resources are unable to reproduce.
carrying capacity - ANSWER a limited number of organisms that can be supported by an
ecosystem - usually designated by the letter K.
What happens once carrying capacity has been reached? - ANSWER competition for resources
ensues - Darwin described as struggle for existence.
According to Darwin's theory, how is the survival of competitors affected? - ANSWER Not all will
survive. Within every population there is variation among traits, and those individuals who win
the competition for resources pass those traits on to their children. These traits will be
represented most often in succeeding generations.
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