Exam (elaborations)
Praxis II Middle School Science 5440 Exam Prep Questions Solved 100% Correct
- Course
- Institution
Praxis II Middle School Science 5440 Exam Prep Questions Solved 100% Correct
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Praxis II Middle School Science 5440Exam Prep Questions Solved 100%
Correct
Heat vs. temperature - ANSWER Heat is a measure of total energy (both kinetic and
potential) at the molecular level. Heat is expressed in Joules.
Temperature the average kinetic energy of molecules in an object. Temperature
is expressed in Kelvin (K), Celsius (C), or Fahrenheit (F).
Converting temperature - ANSWER Fahrenheit → Celsius: (5/9)F-32 = C
Celsius → Fahrenheit: (9/5)C +32 = F
Celsius → Kelvin: C +273 = K
Transfer of energy - ANSWER conduction (objects in contact)
convection (fluids circulate)
radiation (no medium needed)
1st Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Matter and energy are conserved (energy in
= energy out) in a closed system.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER Entropy always increases in a closed system.
Not all energy is transferred; some is "lost" as heat.
3rd Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER entropy approaches equilibrium with low
temperatures (but absolute zero is not possible).
"Zeroth" Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER If systems 1 and 2 are both in equilibrium
with 3, then 1 and 2 are also in equilibrium with each other.
The rate of reaction increases with... - ANSWER increases in temperature,
concentration, or surface area.
Solution - ANSWER mixture of 2 or more substances (can be in liquid, gas, or
solid form)
, Solute vs. solvent - ANSWER Solvent - greater in quantity/volume
Solute - lesser in quantity/volume
Concentration - ANSWER the amount of solute in a solvent (solute : solvent)
Solubility - ANSWER the amount of solute needed to saturate a solution.
pH - ANSWER negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions
Acids - ANSWER low pH (1-6), high concentration of H+ ions, turns blue litmus paper
red
Bases - ANSWER high pH (8-13), low concentration of H+ ions, turns red litmus
paper blue
pH 7 - ANSWER neutral (tap water, human saliva)
Buffers - ANSWER resist change in pH value
Mineral - ANSWER a naturally occurring, inorganic substance (including
native elements) with a defined composition and crystal structure.
Rock - ANSWER an aggregate substance that may be a mixture of several minerals;
no definite composition or structure; may contain both organic and inorganic material
Mineral properties (how minerals are classified) - ANSWER color, hardness, luster,
fracture, crystal habit, specific gravity, tenacity (and sometimes fluorescence or
radioactivity)
Sedimentary rock - ANSWER formed from particles of sand, shells, pebbles, and other
fragments of material (sediment); sediment accumulates in layers and over a long
period of time hardens into rock
examples: limestone, dolomite, sandstone, flint, breccia, shale
Igneous rock - ANSWER formed from molten rock (magma) that cools and hardens;
if lava cools very quickly, no crystals form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike
(obsidian)
*intrusive* igneous rocks crystallize *below* Earth's surface and the slow cooling that
occurs there allows large crystals to form.
*extrusive* igneous rocks erupt *above* the Earth's surface where they cool quickly.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KenAli. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75632 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
