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Praxis pedagogy (test Questions and answers) /Complete Solutions
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Praxis pedagogy (test Questions andanswers) /Complete Solutions
Piaget - 4 stages of cognitive development. assimilation and accomodation
Extrinsic motivation - A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of
punishment
Intrinsic motivation - motivation driven by an interest in or enjoyment of the task itself, comes
from within the individual rather than any external pressure
Bruner - Cognitivism
His theory said learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or
concepts based upon their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms
information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structures
Kohlberg - theorist who claimed individuals went through a series of stages in the process
of moral development.
Wait time - helpful in eliciting responses to higher-level questioning.
Goal is for students to think deeper before responding and give longer and better answers,
and more students will respond and interact with each other.
Metacognition - intellectual process that enables individuals to step back from a particular
learning experience and think about how they learn new things, their preferred and most
, successful methods for learning, and their strategies for using knowledge in new learning
situations
Relative grading standards - used to rank students just within their classrooms
Performance assessment - used to have students demonstrate tasks in real-life contexts
Direct instruction - teacher centered, involves giving instruction with little or no input from
students, such as a lecture. Most often used when presenting new information
Indirect instruction - mainly student centered. Can include discussion, problem solving,
and guided inquiry.
Socratic teaching - focus is on asking questions, not providing answers. Teachers model
an inquiring mind by continually probing the subject with questions
Integrated instruction - teaching strategy that combines curriculum and academic
standards from more than one content area
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - A wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits
discrimination based on disability; covers employment, transportation, building accessibility,
transportation, etc. 1991
PA Chapter 14 - District must provide specially designed instruction for students who need it
due to a disability. Ex: mental retardation, hearing impairment, speech or language
impairment, visual impairment, serious emotional disturbance, orthopedic impairment, autism,
traumatic brain injury, specific learning disability
Positive reinforcement - Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food.
A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens
the response.
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