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NURS 3310 Exam 1 Marino With Complete Solution
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NURS 3310 Exam 1 Marino With Complete Solution__________ ____________ is a disorder of glucose metabolism? - ANSWER Diabetes
Mellitus
Most cells, including brain & nervous system rely on _________ as a fuel source. -
ANSWER glucose
Normal cerebral function requires a ______________ supply of glucose from circulation
because it can not synthesize or store more than a few minutes' supply. - ANSWER
continuous
Severe or prolonged ______________ can cause brain death & dysfunction. - ANSWER
HYPOglycemia
About _______ of ingested glucose after a meal is removed from the blood & STORED as
glycogen. - ANSWER 2/3
Blood glucose levels reflect _______ _______________ between the amount of glucose
released into bloodstream by liver & the amount of glucose taken up by the cell for
energy. - ANSWER THE DIFFERENCE
After meals, blood glucose levels rise & insulin is secreted in _______________ to rise in
glucose. In nondiabetic persons, fasting blood glucose is tightly regulated between
__________. - ANSWER response; 70-100 mg/dl
Between meals, the _________ releases glucose as a means of maintaining blood glucose
within normal limits.. - ANSWER LIVER
The liver regulates BGL through ______ processes. - ANSWER 3
,This process is known as glycogen synthesis. - ANSWER Glycogenesis (GENESIS =
MAKES IT)
This process is known as Glycogenolysis. - ANSWER Glycogen breakdown (LYSIS =
BREAKS DOWN)
This process is known as Gluconeogenesis. - ANSWER Synthesis of glucose from
noncarbohydrate sources (MAKES IT NEW)
Unnecessary glucose for energy is stored as _______________ or converted to FAT. -
ANSWER glycogen
When glucose levels _________, glucose is removed from the blood & converted to
glycogen. - ANSWER RISE
When glucose levels FALL, liver glycogen stores are broken down & released into
_______________. - ANSWER circulation
In addition to mobilizing its glycogen stores, the liver SYNTHESIZES glucose from
non-carbohydrate sources such as: amino acids, lactic acid & _________ part of
triglycerides. - ANSWER glycerol
If glucose levels fall, glycogen is broken down = GYLCOGENOLYSIS & glucose is
_____________. - ANSWER released
In addition to mobilizing its glycogen stores, the liver _____________ glucose from amino
acids, glycerol, & fatty acids in a process called GLYCONEOGENOSIS. → NEW SOURCE
- ANSWER synthesizes
The Islets of Langerhans are responsible for insulin production and contain 3 major cell
types which empty their secretions into the _______ __________. - ANSWER blood stream
,___________ = secrete GLUCAGON - ANSWER Alpha. (Think: Phi Mu ALPHA Psi gives out
sweet treats.)
_________ = secretes INSULIN - ANSWER Beta. (Think: Beta Beta Beta needs some
better insults.)
_____________ = secrete SOMATOSTATIN. - ANSWER Delta. (Think: That Delt needs some
somatostatin bc hes grown a lot.)
Somatostatin: growth hormone ___________ = which causes blood sugar falls. - ANSWER
Inhibitor
Insulin is a ___________, essential for normal carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism. -
ANSWER PROTEIN
Output of insulin is regulated mainly by BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS in a _____________
feedback mechanism. - ANSWER negative
_________ to rise within mins after meal, peaks in 3-5 mins & returns to baseline within
2-3 hours - ANSWER Insulin
Principal stimulus for insulin release is _________ ___________ __________. - ANSWER
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS = WHY WE CHECK.
Insulin stimulates cellular transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides &
___________. - ANSWER POTASSIUM
Insulin deficiency puts body into ____________ mode meaning it BREAKS DOWN
FATS/PROTEIN FOR ENERGY. - ANSWER catabolic
, Glycogen is converted into _________. - ANSWER glucose
___________ are converted into amino acids. - ANSWER Proteins
Fats are converted into ___________ & fatty acids. - ANSWER glycerol
Insulin works to LOWER BGL by facilitating the ____________ of glucose across cell
membranes into muscle & adipose tissues. - ANSWER Transport
Insulin also works to LOWER BGL by _____________ gluconeogenesis. - ANSWER
Inhibiting
Insulin uses an insulin ___________ & a specific glucose transporter = (GLUT 4). -
ANSWER receptor
The specific glucose transporter _________removes insulin from blood & shuttles it
across the cell _________. - ANSWER GLUT 4
membrane
Insulin ___________ as blood glucose levels rise. - ANSWER increases
Insulin __________ as blood glucose levels decline. - ANSWER decreases
Glucagon is important in the ___________ of carbohydrate metabolism. - ANSWER
regulation
Glucagon's action is ___________ to insulin so secretion results in an _____________ in
BGL. - ANSWER OPPOSITE; Increase
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