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HXPX EXAM #4 Study Guide @ 2024
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HXPX EXAM #4 StudyGuide @ 2024
Synovial Joint - Answer Freely movable
Found in the knee, shoulder
Cartilaginous Joint - Answer Slightly movable
Vertebral bodies of the spine, symphysis pubis, sternomanubrial joint
Fibrous Joint - Answer Immovable
Skull sutures
What is helpful information to get in the history of an upper extremity musculoskeletal
exam? - Answer Patient's hand dominance
Pertinent positives and negatives of an upper extremity musculoskeletal exam - Answer
- Numbness or tingling
- Swelling
- Decreased range of motion
- Weakness
- Stiffness
- Arthralgia
- Myalgia
- Redness
- Heat
What are some clues the patient offers prior to a MS exam? - Answer Gait, sitting
position, head movement
What should you compare your findings in a MS exam to? - Answer Other side of
patient's body (compare bilaterally)
Steps of a MS physical exam - Answer 1) Inspection
2) Palpation
,3) ROM
4) Strength
5) Special Tests
6) Neuro and Vascular
What are the four things to note during palpation in a MS exam? - Answer - Tenderness
- Warmth/Heat (can be seen in arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, and osteomyelitis)
- Muscle tone
- Crepitation
What are the two types of ROM in a MS exam? - Answer Active (movement by patient)
Passive (movement by examiner)
Which ROM do you typically check first and helps with examining neurologic function? -
Answer Active
Which ROM do you typically check second and assesses bone/joint function? - Answer
Passive
What is a goniometer? - Answer Records deficits in degrees, measures angles
Muscular Strength Grading - Answer 5- Normal strength
4- Some resistance but movement is possible
3- Movement is possible against gravity but not against resistance by examiner
2- Movement possible, but not against gravity
1- Muscle flicker but no movement
0- No muscle contraction
What type of things do you check vascularly in the musculoskeletal exam? - Answer -
Pulses bilaterally
- Capillary refill bilaterally
- Edema
What specific joints do you exam in the MS exam? - Answer - Cervical spine
- Thoracic and Lumbar spine
- Shoulder
, - Elbow
- Wrist
- Hand
How do you assess muscle strength in the cervical spine portion of an MS exam and
which cranial nerve are you testing? - Answer - Lateral rotation against resistance
assesses SCM
- Shrug shoulders against resistance assesses trapezius
* CN XI Spinal Accessory Nerve
Spurling's Sign - Answer Have patient look over shoulder and then up at the ceiling.
Position yourself behind the patient and put downward pressure on head
- Tests for nerve compression
- Positive test will produce neck pain with radiation to the same side of the turned head
Thoracic/Lumbar spine special test - Answer Straight leg raise with dorsiflexion
bilaterally
-Tests for lower lumbar nerve root compression (disc herniation)
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? - Answer Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
What should you palpate on the shoulder portion of the MS exam? - Answer
-Sternoclavicular joint
-Clavicles
-Acromioclavicular joint
-Greater tubercle
-Bicipital groove
-Coracoid process
Actions of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis? - Answer
Supraspinatus- abduction
Infraspinatus- external rotation
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