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MBA 704 - EXAM - 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MBA 704 - EXAM - 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MBA 704 - EXAM # 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSMajor challenge and critical competitive advantage of OB - Answers-Human Resources
Important environment or contextual dimensions of OB - Answers--Globalization
-Diversity
-Ethics
Human Capital - Answers-what you know (education, experience, skills)
Social Capital - Answers-who you know (networks, connections, friends)
Positive Psychological Capital - Answers-who you are in terms of confidence, hope,
optimism, resiliency, and more importantly, who you can become
Hawthorne Studies - Answers-recognized to be the beginning of the systematic study
and understanding of organizational behavior.
Eras of Management - Answers-> 1980s - Mid 1990s = managers were preoccupied
with restructuring their organizations to improve productivity and meet the competitive
challenges in the international marketplace and quality expectations of customers.
> 1995 - 2005 = the most prominent initiatives were restructuring (downsizing), cost
reduction programs, globalizing supply chains, creating shared services and Lean Six
Sigma (almost perfect) quality programs
Gallup World Poll - Answers-- a sample of the population of over 100 countries
> Jim Clifton concluded that "Work is crucial to every adult human because work holds
within it the soul of the relationship of one citizen to one government and one country."
Who were the pioneers who recognized the behavioral side of management? -
Answers--Henri Fayol
-Henry Ford
-Alfred Sloan
-Frederick Taylor
Henri Fayol - Answers--emphasized the human dimension
-purpose of the organization was to get the work done in specialized, machinelike
functions.
-He did not emphasize that the organization is made up of people; it is not a machine.
Phases of the Hawthorne Studies - Answers--Illumination Studies
-Relay Room
-Bank Wiring Room
Hawthorne Effect - Answers--A change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
awareness of being studied
, -Many social scientists imply that the increases in the relay room productivity can be
attributed solely to the fact that the participants in the study were given special attention
and that they were enjoying a novel, interesting experience.
Research Methodology to Determine Valid Evidence - Answers--An evidence-based
approach to organizational behavior depends on rigorous research methodology.
-Human cannot be treated like chemical or physical elements, they cannot be effectively
controlled or manipulated
- Human variables such as motives, bias, expectations, learning, perception, values,
and even a Hawthorne effect on the part of both subject and investigator confound the
controls that are attempted.
Behavioral scientists in general and organizational behavior researchers in particular
strive to attain the following hallmarks of any science: - Answers--The overall purposes
are understanding/explanation, prediction, and control.
-The definitions are precise and operational.
-The measures are reliable and valid.
-The methods are systematic.
-The results are cumulative.
Meta-analysis - Answers--shows what works and the conditions under which
management techniques may work better or worse in the 'real world.'
-Meta-analysis is based on the simple idea that if one study shows that a management
technique doesn't work and another study shows that it does, an average of those
results is probably the best estimate of how well that management practice works (or
doesn't work)."
The Value of any evidence is dependent on - Answers-Validity
Internal Validity - Answers--A study has internal validity if there are no plausible
alternative explanations of the reported results other than those reported.
-The threats to internal validity include uncontrolled intervening events that occur
between the time the pre-experiment measurement is taken and the time the post-
experiment measurement is taken or does A cause B, or does B cause A, a problem
with correlational studies.
-The threats to internal validity can be overcome with careful design of the study.
External Validity - Answers--Concerned with the generalizability of the results obtained.
-In order for a study to have external validity, the results must be applicable to a wide
range of people and situations.
-Field studies tend to have better external validity than laboratory studies because at
least the study takes place in a real setting.
When conducting research, what it the best strategy? - Answers-use a number of
different designed or mixed methods
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