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BIO 353 - Chen Exam 2 Study Guide with Complete Solutions endomembrane system - Ans:-A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. Nuclear envelope, ER, GA, Lysosome, Vesicles, Endosomes, PM ...

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  • October 23, 2024
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BIO 353 - Chen Exam 2 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions


endomembrane system - Ans:✔✔-A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related

either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles.




Nuclear envelope, ER, GA, Lysosome, Vesicles, Endosomes, PM (plasma membrane)


Two types of Protein Synthesis - Ans:✔✔-From free polyribosomes in cytosol


From membrane-bound polyribosomes


Polyribosome - Ans:✔✔-a mRNA that has multiple ribosomes on it progressing from 5' to 3' end


Synthesis from free polyribosomes - Ans:✔✔--Makes proteins floating freely in cytosol


-Does NOT make transmembrane proteins nor proteins destined for exocytosis


Synthesis from membrane-bound polyribosomes - Ans:✔✔--Makes membrane associated proteins &

proteins in endomembrane vesicles



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-Present only in Eukaryotic cells


Universal retention sequence for Er - Ans:✔✔--Lys-Asp-Glu -Leu-COO-


KDEL


How are proteins directed to target organelles? - Ans:✔✔-Sorting signals


Where do proteins with no sorting signal go? - Ans:✔✔-Stay in cytosol


Proteins needed in nucleus - Ans:✔✔--soluble proteins that associate with DNA


How does nuclear envelope get lipids and membrane proteins? - Ans:✔✔-ER membrane is contiguous

w/ nuclear envelope, so


lipids and membrane proteins synthesized in ER can be transported via backfilling (aka lateral

movement_ along lipid layers


Nuclear Pore - Ans:✔✔-Large structures on nuclear envelope


-Inner meshwork made short repeated sequences called FGs of pore proteins which prevent the passage

of large molecules (lets in small hydrophilic ones)


-Protein fibrils protrude on both sides (cytosolic & nuclear). Form tentacles on cytosol and a basket on

nucleus




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How does nucleus get soluble proteins for DNA? - Ans:✔✔-Proteins are transported post-translationally

from cytosol (meaning in full functional form) through nuclear pores


What do proteins destined for nucleus have? And what are the two functions of this thing? - Ans:✔✔-A

sorting signal called a nuclear localization signal (NLS) which serves as both a mailing address to the

nucleus and a ticket in


What are NLSs recognized by? - Ans:✔✔-Nuclear import receptors (NIRs) aka IMPORTIN


Importin - Ans:✔✔-Nuclear import receptor (NIR)


How is protein import into nucleus accomplished? - Ans:✔✔--NLS on cargo protein recognized by NIR

which attach to cause conformational change in complex which results in high affinity to nuclear pore

tentacles in cytosol which pulls complex into the pore


-NIR grabs onto FG repeats and bounce from FG to FG, plowing way into nucleus


-Attract to basket to enter nucleus, NIR and cargo protein dissociate and cargo protein is delivered


Ran - Ans:✔✔-GTPase (has GTP on it) that can cause conformational changes essential for translocation

of protein through the NPC


Ran-GAP - Ans:✔✔-Ran-GAP (GTPase Activating Protein) helps convert Ran GTP to Ran GDP via

hydrolysis




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