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Biology 116 Exam 1 Study Guide

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Biology 116 Exam 1 Study Guide Taxonomy - Ans:-science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms Phylogeny - Ans:-evolutionary history of a species or group of related species What is the taxonomy scale? - Ans:-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species What are the th...

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  • October 23, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • 2024/2025
  • 2024/2025
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Biology 116 Exam 1 Study Guide


Taxonomy - Ans:✔✔-science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms


Phylogeny - Ans:✔✔-evolutionary history of a species or group of related species


What is the taxonomy scale? - Ans:✔✔-Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species


What are the three domains? - Ans:✔✔-1) Bacteria


2) Eukaryotes


3) Archaea


What is evolution? - Ans:✔✔-1) descent with modification


2) change in alleles over time


allele - Ans:✔✔-alternate form of a gene


natural selection - Ans:✔✔-when the environment acts on a phenotype


-requires diversity


what are three types of diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) genetic
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2) species


3) ecosystem and community


What are two ways to get genetic diversity? - Ans:✔✔-1) meiosis


2) crossing over


monophyletic - Ans:✔✔--best option for phylogeny


-one path of evolution


paraphyletic - Ans:✔✔-2 paths of evolution


polyphyletic - Ans:✔✔--worst option for phylogeny


-more than two paths of evolution


branch point - Ans:✔✔-where lineage diverges


-also called node


sister taxa - Ans:✔✔--common immediate ancestor with common branch point


-only 2


basal taxon - Ans:✔✔--most ancient taxon



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-least related branch


polytomy - Ans:✔✔--not an error, but when individuals share a common ancestor whose evolution is

unknown


the characteristics of a virus include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Non living


2) No cells: only genetic material and protein


3) Metabolism: requires a cell


4) Reproduction: obligate inter cellular parasite


virus - Ans:✔✔-genetic material surrounded by protein


capsid - Ans:✔✔--protein coat that surrounds DNA or RNA


-made of capsomeres


host - Ans:✔✔-species that is infected


The general virus reproductive cycle includes _____________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Virus binds to host


2) Genome enters cell


3) Host copies viral genome and produces proteins


4) New virus assembles
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5) New virus exits host


virulent phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of the virus life cycle


-only uses the lytic cycle


temperate phage - Ans:✔✔--kills host at the end of lytic cycle


-can be in either lytic or lysogenic cycle, but leaves for the lytic cycle when active


lytic cycle - Ans:✔✔-virus kills host at the end of the cycle


-ends in death of a host cell with a virulent phage




ex: T4


The steps for the lytic cycle include __________ - Ans:✔✔-1) Attachment


2) Entry of phage DNA and degradation of host DNA


3) synthesis of viral genomes and protein


4) Self assembly


5) release (lyse)



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