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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 18 | WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR 339 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) EXAM 18 | WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
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NUR 339 Exam 181. What may clotting disorders be due to?
Answer
-Issue with platelets or coagulation factors
-Hyper or hypo coagulability
2. How long do platlets live in circulation?
Answer
8-9 days
3. Where are many platelets stored?
Answer
Spleen
4. When are platelets released?
Answer
When needed
5. What is the function of platelets?
Answer
To form platelet plug to increase clotting
6. What do the platelet granules release?
Answer
Mediators
7. How many platelets are usually in the blood?
Answer
150,000-400,000/mL
8. Are platelets thrombocytes?
,Answer
Yes
9. Where are megakaryocytes formed and what do they do?
Answer
Formed in the bone marrow and break apart to form many platelets.
10. What does thrombopoietin control?
Answer
Controls platelet production
11. Where is thrombopoietin made?
Answer
In the liver, kidney, smooth muscle, and bone marrow
12. What is the 1st stage of normal clotting and how long does it take to occur?
Answer
-Vessel spasm.
-Transient (< 1 min)
13. What is a vessel spasms initiated by?
Answer
Injury to blood vessel
14. What is the vessel spasm due to?
Answer
Hormonal (thrombaxane A2) and neural control
15. What is the 2nd stage of clotting and how long does it take for it to occur?
Answer
-Formation of platelet plug
-Occurs within seconds
,16. How does a platelet plug form?
Answer
1. Damaged vessel leaves collagen exposed
2. Von Willebrand factor is released by endothelial wall and attracts and activates platelets
3. Platelets "activated" and receptors bind to Von Willebrand factor and adhere to exposed
collagen
4. Chemical mediators released by platelets cause more platelet aggregation and clumping
Answer
ADP, thromboxane A2 (a prostaglandin), thrombin causing nearby platelets to get sticky and
clump together
5. Activated platelets change shape and release chemical mediators causing more platelet
aggregation
6. Forms a loose platelet plug and activates the clotting cascade
17. What is the 3rd stage of clotting?
Answer
Blood coagulation
18. What is blood coagulation?
Answer
Process by which fibrinogen converted to fibrin, which forms meshwork that holds blood cells
together in clot which stabilizes clot
19. What happens during blood coagulation?
Answer
-Coagulation factors become ac- tivated on platelet surface and initiate clotting cascade
Answer
^2 pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) both end with activation of Factor X leading to conversion
of prothrombin to thrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin causing fibrin strands trap rbcs &
stabilizes clot
, 20. Where is the intrinsic pathway?
Answer
Occurs in vascular system and is slow
21. Where is the extrinsic pathway?
Answer
Occurs in tissues and is fast
22. Where do the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge?
Answer
Factor 10
23. Generally, how do procoagulation factors work?
Answer
Factors circulating in blood
Answer
activated & converted to coagulation factors in specific series of steps (cascade); one step
needed to initiate next
24. What do procoagulation factors promote?
Answer
Clotting
25. What procoagulation factor is needed in almost all steps of clotting?
Answer
Cal- cium (factor 5)
26. What would the effect of hypocalcemia be on clotting?
Answer
Hypocoagulation
27. What do anticoagulation factors do?
Answer
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