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NR 602 Unit 4 - The Older Adult - Lecture notes for foundations of nursing, professor Laverne.
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NR 602 Unit 4 - The Older Adult - Lecture notes for foundations of nursing, professor Laverne.
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lOMoARcPSD|22 896205NR 602 UNIT 4 - THE OLDER ADULT
Nr 602 Unit 4 - The Older Adult - Lecture notes for
foundations of nursing, professor Laverne
THE OLDER ADULT
● Definitions
● Life Expectancy
● Ageism and Common Stereotypes
● Physiologic Development
○ All organ systems undergo some degree of decline in overall functioning, and thebody
becomes less efficient
○ Most common encountered chronic disorders are hypertension, arthritis, heartdisease,
cancer, diabetes, and sinusitis
○ Sarcopenia - loss of muscle mass that frequently occurs in older adults as part ofthe
natural aging process
● Cognitive Development
○ It is normal for an older adult to take longer to respond and react, particularly in new or
unfamiliar surroundings
○ Mild short-term memory loss is common but can be remedied by an older adultusing
notes, schedules, and calendars
○ Long-term memory usually remains intact
● Adjusting to Changes
○ Physical Strength and Health
■ Rest more frequently
■ Confusion and cognitive impairment in an older adult are not normal
consequences of aging.. Should be considered an acute problem and
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, considered in relation to infection, polypharmacy, or other factors if
NR 602 UNIT 4 - THE OLDER ADULT
problem is new
■ Pain should not be considered normal
● When not managed adequately, delirium, sleep disturbances, cognitive
changes, and diminished functional abilities may occur
○ Retirement and Reduced Income
○ Spouse or Partner Health
○ Relating to Age Group
○ Social Roles
○ Living Arrangements
○ Family and Role Reversal
● Moral and Spiritual Development
○ Gerotranscendence - the transformation of a person’s view of reality from a rational,
social, individually focused, materialistic perspective to a more transcendent vision.
This new vision is manifested by maturity, wisdom, spirituality, changes in perceptions
of time and space, a decreased emphasis onsuperficial relationships, and ultimately, life
satisfaction
● Health of the Older Adult
○ Chronic Illness
■ Probability increases with age
■ Leading causes of death in adults aged 65 and older are heart disease,cancer,
chronic respiratory disease, stroke, AD, and diabetes
■ Heart disease is the leading cause of death for African American men andwomen
■ Prevalence of hypertension in Blacks in the US is the highest in the world
■ Non-Hispanic Black adults 20 years of age and older are diagnosed with
diabetes almost twice as often as their white counterparts
■ African Americans have the highest mortality rate of any minority for mostmajor
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, cancers
NR 602 UNIT 4 - THE OLDER ADULT
■ Leading cause of death for Hispanic or Latino Americans are heart
disease and cancer
● More deaths from diabetes and chronic liver disease
● 23% more obesity, 24% more poorly controlled hypertension, and28%
less colorectal screening than non-Hispanic whites
■ Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Indian, Filipino, and
Japanese men
● Stroke is the overall third leading cause of death
■ Heart disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, and diabetes are the leadingcause of
death in American Indians or Alaska Natives
■ Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders generally have higher reportedrates of
smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity when compared to other ethnic or
racial groups. Also has an increase in specific risks and diseases including
hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, and TB
○ Accidental injuries/Falls
■ Falls are the most common cause of injuries and hospital admission inolder
adults
■ More than 25% of older adults fall each year, but less than half tell theirPCP
■ ⅕ falls causes a serious injury
■ More than 95% of hip fractures happen bc of falling
○ Dementia, delirium, and depression
■ Dementia
● Various organic disorders that progressively affect cognitive
functioning
● Chronic and develops gradually
● May occur more suddenly following a stroke or other vascularevent
● Vascular dementia
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