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NTR 301 Exam One Study Guide
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NTR 301 Exam One Study Guide Distinguish between/among a nutrient, an essential nutrient, a phytonutrient and a nutraceutical and give an example of each: - Ans:-● Nutrient: Provides NOURISHMENT ● Non-essential Nutrient: A nutrient found in food but it doesn't have to be; our BODIES CAN MAKE...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 25
  • 2024/2025
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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




NTR 301 Exam One Study Guide

Distinguish between/among a nutrient, an essential nutrient, a phytonutrient and a nutraceutical and

give an example of each: - Ans:✔✔-● Nutrient: Provides NOURISHMENT


● Non-essential Nutrient: A nutrient found in food but it doesn't have to be; our BODIES CAN MAKE IT

(ex: cholesterol; made in liver)


● Essential Nutrient: A nutrient of which food is the only or primary source; the BODY CAN'T MAKE IT OR

MAKE ENOUGH OF IT (ex: vitamin c; scurvy caused by deficiency)


● Phytonutrient: Compounds found in food that aren't NECESSARY FOR LIFE/GROWTH BUT MAY

PROTECT AGAINST CERTAIN DISEASES; found in FRUITS AND VEGETABLES (ex: lutein, lycopene, clorophyl)


●Nutraceutical: Compounds NATURALLY FOUND IN FOOD OR PUT INTO FOOD that may PREVENT OR

TREAT diseases; probiotic aka BACTERIA


Identify the 2 major categories of essential nutrients, explains the basis for their classification, and list

their members: - Ans:✔✔-● Approximately 45 NUTRIENTS


● Macronutrients: Present in the body in LARGE AMOUNTS, daily requirements that are relatively large,

present in food in relatively large amounts



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● Large? Measured in grams; 28 G PER OUNCE


● Members? Protein, carbohydrates, lipids (fats), water


● Water CAN'T PROVIDE ENERGY (exception)


● Micronutrients: Present in the body in SMALL AMOUNTS, daily requirements that are relatively small,

present in food in relatively small amounts


● Small? MILLIGRAM (mg)= 1/1000thg MICROGRAM (mcg)= 1/1000000thg


● Members? Vitamins, minerals


Explain what a calorie represents, list the number of calories provided by a gram of carbohydrate, fat,

protein and alcohol, and calculate the total calories of a food knowing its macronutrient content: -

Ans:✔✔-● Represents the ENERGY CONTENT of a food


● Calorie/kilocalorie


● Unit of heat equal to amount OF ENERGY NECESSARY TO RAISE 1,000G OF WATER BY 1 DEGREE C


● Calorie content of a food? Measures POTENTIAL ENERGY within its components macronutrients;

energy RELEASED FROM MACRONUTRIENTS TO FUEL METABOLIC PROCESSES


● Carbohydrates: 1g= 4 cal


● Protein: 1g= 4 cal


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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




● Fat: 1g= 9 cal


● Ethanol (alcohol): 1g= 7 cal


● Total calorie content? MULTIPLE # of grams by amount of calorie per gram (above values) and ADD for

total


Define deficient, marginal, over-consumption and excess; identify the type of effect that results from

each level of intake; the effect itself; the time for development; the nutrients of greatest concern at each

level; and the levels of intake most likely to occur in the US: - Ans:✔✔-● LEVELS OF INTAKE of essential

nutrients


● Deficient, marginal, optimal, over-consumption, excess


● Deficient: LITTLE OR NO intake (amount) over WEEKS TO YEARS (timeframe) resulting in a specific set

of symptoms (outcome) aka DEFICIENCY DISEASES (ex: vitamin D and rickets), represent DIRECT CAUSE

AND EFFECT relationship


● Marginal: LESS THAN OPTIMAL intake over YEARS resulting in increased risk for CHRONIC DISEASES

that are MULTI-FACTORIAL (many contributing factors) (ex: cancer)


● Optimal: Defined using DRI (dietary reference intakes)


● Over-consumption: GREATER THAN OPTIMAL intake over YEARS resulting in increased risk for CHRONIC

DISEASES (indirect; ex: saturated fat and heart disease)



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